view_model 0.4.1

view model for flutter

view_model

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I sincerely thank Miolin for entrusting me with the permissions of the view_model package and transferring its ownership. This support is invaluable, and I'm excited to drive its continuous development.

Features

• Simple and Lightweight: It has a streamlined architecture with minimal resource overhead, ensuring high - efficiency performance.
• Transparent Implementation: Built on StreamController and setState, its internal logic is simple and easy to understand, with no hidden complexities.
• Automatic Resource Disposal: Resources are automatically released along with the State of a StatefulWidget, simplifying memory management.
• Cross - Widget Sharing: It can be shared across multiple StatefulWidgets, promoting code reusability and modularity.

Note: ViewModel is designed to bind only to the State of a StatefulWidget. Since StatelessWidgets don't maintain state, they are not compatible with this binding mechanism.

Core Concepts

• ViewModel: Serves as the core for state management. It holds the application state and notifies registered listeners when the state changes.
• ViewModelFactory: Defines how ViewModels are instantiated and configured.
• watchViewModel: Creates a new ViewModel instance or retrieves an existing one, and automatically triggers setState.
• readViewModel: Retrieves an existing ViewModel or creates one using the factory, without triggering setState.

Stateless and Stateful ViewModels

By default, ViewModel operates in stateless mode.

Stateless ViewModel

• Simplified Usage: It's a lightweight option without an internal state.
• Change Notification: Data changes are notified to listeners via the notifyListeners() method.

Stateful ViewModel

• State - Oriented: It must hold an internal state object.
• Immutability Principle: The state is immutable, ensuring data integrity and predictability.
• State Updates: State changes are made through the setState() method, which triggers a widget rebuild.

Step - by - Step Guide

Using the view_model package is straightforward. Follow these four steps:

Add Dependency:

dependencies:
  view_model: ^0.4.0

1. Define a State Class (for Stateful ViewModel)

For stateful view models, create an immutable state class first:

class MyState {
  final String name;

  const MyState({required this.name});

  MyState copyWith({String? name}) =>
      MyState(
        name: name ?? this.name,
      );

  @override
  bool operator ==(Object other) =>
      identical(this, other) ||
          (other is MyState && runtimeType == other.runtimeType && name == other.name);

  @override
  int get hashCode => name.hashCode;

  @override
  String toString() => 'MyState{name: $name}';
}

Tip: If you don't need to manage complex state, skip this step and use a Stateless ViewModel ( see Step 2).

2. Create a ViewModel

Extend either ViewModel<T> for stateless scenarios or StateViewModel for stateful management.

Example: Stateless ViewModel

import 'package:view_model/view_model.dart';

class MyViewModel extends ViewModel {
  String name = "Initial Name";

  void updateName(String newName) {
    name = newName;
    notifyListeners();
  }
}

Example: Stateful ViewModel

import 'package:view_model/view_model.dart';

class MyViewModel extends StateViewModel<MyState> {
  MyViewModel({required super.state});

  void updateName(String newName) {
    setState(state.copyWith(name: newName));
  }

  @override
  void dispose() async {
    super.dispose();
    debugPrint('Disposed MyViewModel: $state');
  }
}

3. Implement a ViewModelFactory

Use a ViewModelFactory to specify how your ViewModel is instantiated:

class MyViewModelFactory with ViewModelFactory<MyViewModel> {
  final String initialName;

  MyViewModelFactory({this.initialName = ""});

  @override
  MyViewModel build() => MyViewModel(state: MyState(name: initialName));

  // Optional: Enable singleton sharing. Only applicable when key() returns null.
  @override
  bool singleton() => true;

  // Optional: Share ViewModel based on a custom key.
  @override
  String? key() => initialName;
}

4. Integrate ViewModel into Your Widget

In a StatefulWidget, use watchViewModel to access the view model:

import 'package:view_model/view_model.dart';

class _MyPageState extends State<MyPage> with ViewModelStateMixin<MyPage> {
  MyViewModel get viewModel =>
      watchViewModel<MyViewModel>(factory: MyViewModelFactory(initialName: "Hello"));

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      body: Center(
        child: Text(viewModel.state.name),
      ),
      floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
        onPressed: () => viewModel.updateName("New Name"),
        child: Icon(Icons.refresh),
      ),
    );
  }
}

Note: Additional features like change listening, view model refresh, and cross - page sharing are also supported. See the sections below for details.

Advanced APIs

Listening for State Changes

@override
void initState() {
  super.initState();
  final dispose = viewModel.listenState(onChanged: (prev, next) {
    print('State changed: $prev -> $next');
  });

  final dispose2 = viewModel.listen(onChanged: () {
    print('viewModel notifyListeners');
  });
}

Retrieving Existing ViewModels

Use readViewModel to get an existing view model.

// Find newly created <MyViewModel> instance
MyViewModel get viewModel => readViewModel<MyViewModel>();

// Find <MyViewModel> instance by key
MyViewModel get viewModel => readViewModel<MyViewModel>(key: "my-key");

// if not find ("my-key"), will fallback to use MyViewModelFactory create instance
MyViewModel get viewModel =>
    readViewModel<MyViewModel>(key: "my-key", factory: MyViewModelFactory());

read existing view model globally:

final T vm = ViewModel.read<T>(key: "shareKey");

Recycle ViewModel

if you want to dispose the view model, you can use recycleViewModel method.

MyViewModel get viewModel =>
    watchViewModel<MyViewModel>(key: "my-key", factory: MyViewModelFactory());

void refresh() {
  recycleViewModel(viewModel);

  // This will obtain a new instance
  viewModel.get();
}

About Partial Refresh

The state manager doesn't need to handle partial UI refreshes — the Flutter engine automatically performs UI diffing. A widget's build method is simply a configuration step, and triggering it doesn't incur significant performance overhead.

To achieve fine-grained updates, we can use ValueListenableBuilder.

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
  return ValueNotifierBuilder(
    valueListenable: _notifier,
    builder: (context, value, child) {
      return Text(value);
    },
  );
}