charts library
Syncfusion Flutter Charts is a data visualization library written natively in Dart for creating beautiful and high-performance cartesian, circular, pyramid and funnel charts.
To use, import package:syncfusion_flutter_charts/charts.dart
.
See also:
Classes
-
AccumulationDistributionIndicator<
T, D> - This class holds the properties of the Accumulation Distribution Indicator.
- ActualRangeChangedArgs
-
Holds the
onActualRangeChanged
event arguments. - AreaSegment
- Creates the segments for area series.
-
AreaSeries<
T, D> - This class Renders the area series.
- AreaSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Area series
-
AtrIndicator<
T, D> - This class holds the properties of the Average True Range Indicator.
- AxisLabel
- Holds the axis label information.
- AxisLabelRenderArgs
- Holds the onAxisLabelRender event arguments.
- AxisLabelRenderDetails
- Holds label text, axis name, orientation of the axis, trimmed text and text styles such as color, font size, and font weight for label formatter evet
- AxisLabelTapArgs
- Holds the onAxisLabelTapped event arguments.
- AxisLine
- This class consists of axis line properties.
- AxisTitle
- This class holds the property of the axis title.
- BarSegment
- Creates the segments for bar series.
-
BarSeries<
T, D> - This class has the properties of the bar series.
- BarSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Bar series
-
BollingerBandIndicator<
T, D> - This class has the property of BollingerBand Indicator.
- BoxAndWhiskerSegment
- Creates the segments for box and whisker series.
-
BoxAndWhiskerSeries<
T, D> - This class holds the properties of the Box and Whisker series.
- BoxAndWhiskerSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Box and Whisker series
- BubbleSegment
- Creates the segments for bubble series.
-
BubbleSeries<
T, D> - This class holds the properties of the bubble series.
- BubbleSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Bubble series
- CandleSegment
- Creates the segments for bubble series.
-
CandleSeries<
T, D> - This class holds the properties of the candle series.
- CandleSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Candle series
- CartesianChartAnnotation
- This class has the properties of cartesian chart annotation.
-
CartesianChartPoint<
D> - This class has the properties of CartesianChartPoint.
-
CartesianSeries<
T, D> - This class has the properties of the cartesian series.
- CartesianSeriesRenderer
- Creates a series renderer for cartesian series
- CategoryAxis
- This class has the properties of the category axis.
- CategoryAxisRenderer
- Creates an axis renderer for Category axis
- ChartAxis
- This class holds the properties of ChartAxis.
- ChartAxisLabel
- Holds the axis label text and style details.
- ChartAxisRenderer
- Creates an axis renderer for chart axis.
- ChartBehavior
- Holds the gestures for chart.
-
ChartPoint<
D> - It is the data type for the circular chart and it has the properties is used to assign at the value declaration of the circular chart.
- ChartSegment
- Creates the segments for chart series.
- ChartSelectionBehavior
- Customizes the selection in chart.
-
ChartSeries<
T, D> - This class holds the property of series.
- ChartSeriesController
- We can redraw the series with updating or creating new points by using this controller.If we need to access the redrawing methods in this before we must get the ChartSeriesController onRendererCreated event.
- ChartSeriesRenderer
- Creates a series renderer for Chart series
- ChartShaderDetails
- Holds the onCreateShader callback arguments.
- ChartTextStyle
- This class has the property of the chart text style.
- ChartTitle
- It has the properties of the chart title.
- ChartTouchInteractionArgs
- Holds the chart TouchUp event arguments.
- CircularChartAnnotation
- Customizes the annotation of the circular chart.
- CircularChartEmptyPointBehavior
- This class Provides method to calculate the Empty Point value.
-
CircularSeries<
T, D> - This class holds the property of circular series.
- CircularSeriesController
- We can redraw the series with updating or creating new points by using this controller.If we need to access the redrawing methods in this before we must get the ChartSeriesController onRendererCreated event.
- CircularSeriesRenderer
- Creates a series renderer for Circular series
- ColumnSegment
- Creates the segments for column series.
-
ColumnSeries<
T, D> - This class has the properties of the column series.
- ColumnSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Column series
- ConnectorLineSettings
- This class holds the properties of the connector line.
- CrosshairBehavior
- This class has the properties of the crosshair behavior.
- CrosshairBehaviorRenderer
- Cross hair renderer class for mutable fields and methods
- CrosshairRenderArgs
- Holds the onCrosshairPositionChanging event arguments.
- DataLabelRenderArgs
- Holds the onDataLabelRender event arguments.
- DataLabelSettings
- Customizes the data label.
- DataLabelSettingsRenderer
- Datalabel renderer class for mutable fields and methods
- DataLabelTapDetails
- Holds the onDataLabelTapped callback arguments.
- DateTimeAxis
- This class holds the properties of the DateTime axis.
- DateTimeAxisRenderer
- Creates an axis renderer for Datetime axis
- DateTimeCategoryAxis
- An axis which is used to plot date-time values. It is similar to DateTimeAxis except that it excludes missing dates.
- DateTimeCategoryAxisRenderer
- Creates an axis renderer for Category axis
-
DoughnutSeries<
T, D> - This class has the properties of the Doughnut series.
- DoughnutSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Doughnut series
-
EmaIndicator<
T, D> - Renders EMA indicator
- EmptyPointSettings
- Handling empty points in charts
- FastLineSegment
- Creates the segments for fast line series.
-
FastLineSeries<
T, D> - Renders the FastLineSeries.
- FastLineSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Fastline series
-
FunnelSeries<
T, D> - Renders Funnel series.
- FunnelSeriesController
- We can redraw the series with updating or creating new points by using this controller.If we need to access the redrawing methods in this before we must get the ChartSeriesController onRendererCreated event.
- FunnelSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Funnel series
- HiloOpenCloseSegment
- Creates the segments for HiloOpenClose series.
-
HiloOpenCloseSeries<
T, D> - Renders the HiloOpenClose series.
- HiloOpenCloseSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Hilo open close series
- HiloSegment
- Creates the segments for Hilo series.
-
HiloSeries<
T, D> - Renders the Hilo series.
- HiloSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Hilo series
- HistogramSegment
- Creates the segments for column series.
-
HistogramSeries<
T, D> - This class has the properties of the column series.
- HistogramSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Histogram series
- IndicatorRenderArgs
- Holds the onIndicatorRender event arguments.
- InteractiveTooltip
- Customizes the interactive tooltip.
- Legend
- Identify the series in chart.
- LegendRenderArgs
- Holds the onLegendItemRender event arguments.
- LegendRenderer
- Legend renderer class for mutable fields and methods
- LegendTapArgs
- Holds the onLegendTapped event arguments.
- LegendTitle
- Customizes the legend title.
- LineSegment
- Creates the segments for line series.
-
LineSeries<
T, D> - Renders the line series.
- LineSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Line series
- LogarithmicAxis
- Logarithmic axis uses logarithmic scale and displays numbers as axis labels.
- LogarithmicAxisRenderer
- Creates an axis renderer for Logarithmic axis
-
MacdIndicator<
T, D> - This class Holds the properties of the Macd Indicator.
- MajorGridLines
- Customizes the major grid lines.
- MajorTickLines
- This class Renders the major tick lines for axis.
- MarkerRenderArgs
- Holds the onMarkerRender event arguments.
- MarkerSettings
- Customizes the markers.
- MarkerSettingsRenderer
- Marker settings renderer class for mutable fields and methods
- MinorGridLines
- Customizes the minor grid lines.
- MinorTickLines
- This class has the properties of minor tick lines.
-
MomentumIndicator<
T, D> - Renders the momentum indicator.
- NumericAxis
- This class has the properties of the numeric axis.
- NumericAxisRenderer
- Creates an axis renderer for Numeric axis.
-
PieSeries<
T, D> - This class has the properties of the pie series.
- PieSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Pie series
- PlotBand
- Render plot band.
-
PointInfo<
D> - This is similar to the point of the Cartesian chart.
- PointTapArgs
- Holds the onPointTapped event arguments.
-
PyramidSeries<
T, D> - Renders the pyramid series
- PyramidSeriesController
- We can redraw the series with updating or creating new points by using this controller.If we need to access the redrawing methods in this before we must get the ChartSeriesController onRendererCreated event.
- PyramidSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Pyramid series
-
RadialBarSeries<
T, D> - Renders the radial bar series.
- RadialBarSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for RadialBar series
- RangeAreaSegment
- Creates the segments for range area series.
-
RangeAreaSeries<
T, D> - Renders the range area series.
- RangeAreaSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Range area series
- RangeColumnSegment
- Creates the segments for range column series.
-
RangeColumnSeries<
T, D> - Renders the range column series.
- RangeColumnSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Range column series
-
RsiIndicator<
T, D> - Renders relative strength index (RSI) indicator.
- ScatterSegment
- Creates the segments for scatter series.
-
ScatterSeries<
T, D> - Renders the scatter series.
- ScatterSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Scatter series
- SelectionArgs
- Holds the onSelectionChanged event arguments.
- SelectionBehavior
- Provides options for the selection of series or data points.
- SelectionBehaviorRenderer
- Selection renderer class for mutable fields and methods
- SelectionSettings
- Provides options for the selection of series or data points.
- SfCartesianChart
- Renders the cartesian type charts.
- SfCartesianChartState
- Represents the state class of SfCartesianChart widget
- SfCircularChart
- Renders the circular chart
- SfCircularChartState
- Represents the state class of SfCircularChart widget
- SfFunnelChart
- Renders the funnel chart
- SfFunnelChartState
- Represents the state class of SfFunnelChart widget
- SfPyramidChart
- Renders the pyramid chart
- SfPyramidChartState
- Represents the state class of SfPyramidChart widget
-
SmaIndicator<
T, D> - Renders simple moving average (SMA) indicator.
- SplineAreaSegment
- Creates the segments for spline area series.
-
SplineAreaSeries<
T, D> - Renders the spline series.
- SplineAreaSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Spline area series
- SplineRangeAreaSegment
- Creates the segments for spline area series.
-
SplineRangeAreaSeries<
T, D> - Renders the spline range area series.
- SplineRangeAreaSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Spline range area series
- SplineSegment
- Creates the segments for spline series.
-
SplineSeries<
T, D> - Renders the spline series.
- SplineSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Spline series
- StackedArea100Segment
- Creates the segments for 100% stacked area series.
-
StackedArea100Series<
T, D> - Renders the stacked area series.
- StackedArea100SeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Stacked area 100 series
- StackedAreaSegment
- Creates the segments for stacked area series.
-
StackedAreaSeries<
T, D> - Renders the stacked area series.
- StackedAreaSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Stacked area series
- StackedBar100Segment
- Creates the segments for 100% stacked bar series.
-
StackedBar100Series<
T, D> - Renders the 100% stacked bar series.
- StackedBar100SeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Stacked bar 100 series
- StackedBarSegment
- Creates the segments for stacked bar series.
-
StackedBarSeries<
T, D> - Renders the stacked bar series.
- StackedBarSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Stacked bar series
- StackedColumn100Segment
- Creates the segments for 100% stacked column series.
-
StackedColumn100Series<
T, D> - Renders the 100% stacked column series.
- StackedColumn100SeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Stacked column 100 series
- StackedColumnSegment
- Creates the segments for stacked column series.
-
StackedColumnSeries<
T, D> - Renders the stacked column series.
- StackedColumnSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Stacked column series
- StackedLine100Segment
- Creates the segments for 100% stacked line series.
-
StackedLine100Series<
T, D> - Renders the 100% stacked line series.
- StackedLine100SeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Stacked line 100 series
- StackedLineSegment
- Creates the segments for 100% stacked line series.
-
StackedLineSeries<
T, D> - Renders the stacked line series.
- StackedLineSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Stacked line series
- StepAreaSegment
- Creates the segments for step area series.
-
StepAreaSeries<
T, D> - Renders the step area series.
- StepAreaSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Step area series
- StepLineSegment
- Creates the segments for step line series.
-
StepLineSeries<
T, D> - Renders the step line series.
- StepLineSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Step line series
-
StochasticIndicator<
T, D> - Renders stochastic indicator.
-
TechnicalIndicators<
T, D> - Customize the technical indicators.
- TechnicalIndicatorsRenderer
- Technical indicaor renderer class for mutable fields and methods
-
TmaIndicator<
T, D> - Renders Triangular Moving Average (TMA) indicator.
- TooltipArgs
- Holds the arguments for the event onTooltipRender.
- TooltipBehavior
- Customizes the tooltip.
- TooltipBehaviorRenderer
- Tooltip behavior renderer class for mutable fields and methods
- TooltipValue
- Holds the tooltip series and point index
- TrackballArgs
- Holds arguments for onTrackballPositionChanging event.
- TrackballBehavior
- Customizes the trackball.
- TrackballBehaviorRenderer
- Trackball behavior renderer class for mutable fields and methods
- TrackballDetails
- Options to show the details of the trackball template.
- TrackballGroupingModeInfo
- Class to store the group mode details of trackball template.
- TrackballMarkerSettings
- Options to customize the markers that are displayed when trackball is enabled.
- TrackballMarkerSettingsRenderer
- Trackball marker renderer class for mutable fields and methods
- Trendline
- Renders the chart trend line
- TrendlineRenderArgs
- Holds the arguments for the event onTrendlineRender.
- TrendlineRenderer
- Trendline renderer class for mutable fields and methods
- TriangularChartEmptyPointBehavior
- Data points with a null value are considered empty points. Empty data points are ignored and are not plotted in the chart.
- WaterfallConnectorLineSettings
- Options to customize the waterfall chart connector line.
- WaterfallSegment
- Creates the segments for waterfall series.
-
WaterfallSeries<
T, D> - Renders the waterfall series.
- WaterfallSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for waterfall series
-
XyDataSeries<
T, D> - Renders the xy series.
- XyDataSeriesRenderer
- Creates series renderer for Xy data series
- ZoomBehavior
- Holds the zooming gestures.
- ZoomPanArgs
- Holds the zooming event arguments.
- ZoomPanBehavior
- Customizes the zooming options.
- ZoomPanBehaviorRenderer
- Creates a renderer class for zoomPanBehavior class
Enums
- ActivationMode
- Mode to activate a specific interactive user feature.
- AnnotationRegion
- Annotation is a note by way of explanation or comment added to the chart.
- AutoScrollingMode
- Determines whether the axis should be scrolled from the start position or end position.
- AxisLabelIntersectAction
- Action while the axis label intersects.Axis Label placements can be determined when the axis labels get intesected.
- AxisOrientation
- Orientation of an axis.
- BorderDrawMode
- Border mode of area type series.
- BoxPlotMode
- Box plot series rendering mode.
- ChartAlignment
- Alignment of various elements in chart..
- ChartDataLabelAlignment
- Position of data labels in Cartesian chart.The position of data lables in cartesian charts can be changed using this property.
- ChartDataLabelPosition
- Position of the axis labels.
- ChartRangePadding
- Padding for axis ranges.
- ChartSwipeDirection
- The direction of swiping on the chart.
- CircularChartGroupMode
- Data points grouping mode.
- CircularLabelPosition
- Position of data labels in Circular chart.
- ConnectorType
- Type of connector line.
- CoordinateUnit
- Coordinate unit for placing annotations.
- CornerStyle
- Corner style of range bar series.
- CrosshairLineType
- Crosshair line type.
- DataMarkerType
- Data marker shapes.
- DateTimeIntervalType
- Interval type of the DateTime axis.
- EdgeLabelPlacement
- Placement of edge labels in the axis.
- EmptyPointMode
- Mode of empty data points.
- LabelAlignment
- Used to align the Cartesian data label positions.
- LabelIntersectAction
- Data labels intersect action.
- LabelPlacement
- Placement of category axis labels.
- LegendIconType
- It used to change the legend icons in different type of series and indicators
- LegendItemOrientation
- Orientation of legend items.
- LegendItemOverflowMode
- Mode to handle the legend items overflow.
- LegendPosition
- Legend Position in charts.
- MacdType
- Macd indicator type
- PointRenderMode
- Point Render Mode for circular charts
- Position
- Data label position of range bar series.
- PyramidMode
- PyramidMode for pyramid charts
- RangeAreaBorderMode
- Border mode of range area series.
- SelectionType
- Data point selection type.
- SmartLabelMode
- Action when labels get overlapped
- SortingOrder
- Sorting order of data points.
- SplineType
- Renders a variety of splines
- TextAnchor
- Types of text rendering positions
- TickPosition
- Position of the ticks in the axis.
- TooltipAlignment
- Used to align the tootip content.
- TooltipPosition
- Tooltip positioning
- TrackballDisplayMode
- Trackball tooltip's display mode.
- TrackballLineType
- Trackball line type.
- TrackballVisibilityMode
- Whether marker should be visible or not when trackball is enabled.
- TrendlineType
- Trendline type
- ZoomMode
- Zooming mode in SfCartesianChart
Functions
-
dateTimeInterval(
CartesianSeriesRenderer seriesRenderer) → num - calculate the dateTime intervals for cardinal spline type
Typedefs
- ChartActualRangeChangedCallback = void Function(ActualRangeChangedArgs rangeChangedArgs)
- Returns the ActualRangeChangedArgs.
- ChartAxisLabelRenderCallback = void Function(AxisLabelRenderArgs axisLabelRenderArgs)
- Returns the AxisLabelRenderArgs.
- ChartAxisLabelTapCallback = void Function(AxisLabelTapArgs axisLabelTapArgs)
- Returns the AxisLabelTapArgs.
- ChartCrosshairCallback = void Function(CrosshairRenderArgs crosshairArgs)
- Returns the CrosshairRenderArgs
- ChartDataLabelRenderCallback = void Function(DataLabelRenderArgs dataLabelArgs)
- Returns the DataLabelRenderArgs.
-
ChartDataLabelTemplateBuilder<
T> = Widget Function(T data, CartesianChartPoint point, int pointIndex, {CartesianSeries series, int seriesIndex}) - Returns the widget.
-
ChartIndexedValueMapper<
R> = R? Function(int index) - Maps the index value.
- ChartIndicatorRenderCallback = void Function(IndicatorRenderArgs indicatorRenderArgs)
- Returns the IndicatorRenderArgs.
- ChartLabelFormatterCallback = ChartAxisLabel Function(AxisLabelRenderDetails axisLabelRenderArgs)
-
Signature for the
axisLabelFormatter
callback that returnsChartAxisLabel
class value to customize the axis label text and style. - ChartLegendRenderCallback = void Function(LegendRenderArgs legendRenderArgs)
- Returns the LegendRenderArgs.
- ChartLegendTapCallback = void Function(LegendTapArgs legendTapArgs)
- Returns the LegendTapArgs.
- ChartMarkerRenderCallback = void Function(MarkerRenderArgs markerArgs)
- Returns the MarkerRenderArgs.
- ChartPlotAreaSwipeCallback = void Function(ChartSwipeDirection direction)
- A callback which gets called on swiping over plot area
- ChartPointTapCallback = void Function(PointTapArgs pointTapArgs)
- Returns the PointTapArgs.
- ChartSelectionCallback = void Function(SelectionArgs selectionArgs)
- Returns the SelectionArgs.
-
ChartSeriesRendererFactory<
T, D> = ChartSeriesRenderer Function(ChartSeries< T, D> series) - Custom renderer for series
-
ChartShaderMapper<
T> = Shader Function(T datum, int index, Color color, Rect rect) - Signature for the callback that returns the shader from the data source based on the index. Can get the data, index, color and rect values.
- ChartTooltipCallback = void Function(TooltipArgs tooltipArgs)
- Returns the TooltipArgs.
- ChartTouchInteractionCallback = void Function(ChartTouchInteractionArgs tapArgs)
- Returns the offset.
-
ChartTrackballBuilder<
T> = Widget Function(BuildContext context, TrackballDetails trackballDetails) - Returns the widget as a template of trackball
- ChartTrackballCallback = void Function(TrackballArgs trackballArgs)
- Returns the TrackballArgs.
- ChartTrendlineRenderCallback = void Function(TrendlineRenderArgs trendlineRenderArgs)
- Returns the Trendline args
-
ChartValueMapper<
T, R> = R? Function(T datum, int index) - Maps the data from data source.
-
ChartWidgetBuilder<
T> = Widget Function(dynamic data, dynamic point, dynamic series, int pointIndex, int seriesIndex) - Returns the widget.
- ChartZoomingCallback = void Function(ZoomPanArgs zoomingArgs)
- Returns the ZoomPanArgs.
- CircularDatalabelRenderCallback = void Function(DataLabelRenderArgs dataLabelArgs)
- Returns the DataLabelRenderArgs.
- CircularLegendRenderCallback = void Function(LegendRenderArgs legendRenderArgs)
- Returns the LegendRenderArgs.
- CircularPointTapCallback = void Function(PointTapArgs pointTapArgs)
- Returns the PointTapArgs.
- CircularSelectionCallback = void Function(SelectionArgs selectionArgs)
- Returns the SelectionArgs.
- CircularSeriesRendererCreatedCallback = void Function(CircularSeriesController controller)
- Return the controller for circular series
- CircularShaderCallback = Shader Function(ChartShaderDetails chartShaderDetails)
- Signature for the callback that returns the shader value to override the fill color of the data points.
- CircularTooltipCallback = void Function(TooltipArgs tooltipArgs)
- Returns the TooltipArgs.
- CircularTouchInteractionCallback = void Function(ChartTouchInteractionArgs tapArgs)
- Returns the offset.
- DataLabelTapCallback = void Function(DataLabelTapDetails onTapArgs)
- Signature for callback reporting that a data label is tapped.
- FunnelDataLabelRenderCallback = void Function(DataLabelRenderArgs dataLabelArgs)
- Returns the DataLabelRenderArgs.
- FunnelLegendRenderCallback = void Function(LegendRenderArgs legendRenderArganimateCompleteds)
- Returns the LegendRenderArgs.
- FunnelPointTapCallback = void Function(PointTapArgs pointTapArgs)
- Returns tha PointTapArgs.
- FunnelSelectionCallback = void Function(SelectionArgs selectionArgs)
- Returns the SelectionArgs.
- FunnelSeriesRendererCreatedCallback = void Function(FunnelSeriesController controller)
- Called when the renderer for the funnel series is created
- FunnelTooltipCallback = void Function(TooltipArgs tooltipArgs)
- Returns the TooltipArgs.
- FunnelTouchInteractionCallback = void Function(ChartTouchInteractionArgs tapArgs)
- Returns the Offset
- LegendItemBuilder = Widget Function(String legendText, dynamic series, dynamic point, int seriesIndex)
- Returns the widget.
- LoadMoreViewBuilderCallback = Widget Function(BuildContext context, ChartSwipeDirection direction)
- Returns a widget which can be used to load more data to chart. called on dragging and when the visible range reaches the end.
- PyramidDataLabelRenderCallback = void Function(DataLabelRenderArgs dataLabelArgs)
- Returns the DataLabelRenderArgs.
- PyramidLegendRenderCallback = void Function(LegendRenderArgs legendRenderArganimateCompleteds)
- Returns the LegendRenderArgs.
- PyramidPointTapCallback = void Function(PointTapArgs pointTapArgs)
- Returns tha PointTapArgs.
- PyramidSelectionCallback = void Function(SelectionArgs selectionArgs)
- Returns the SelectionArgs.
- PyramidSeriesRendererCreatedCallback = void Function(PyramidSeriesController controller)
- Called when the pyramid series is created
- PyramidTooltipCallback = void Function(TooltipArgs tooltipArgs)
- Returns the TooltipArgs.
- PyramidTouchInteractionCallback = void Function(ChartTouchInteractionArgs tapArgs)
- Returns the Offset
- SeriesRendererCreatedCallback = void Function(ChartSeriesController controller)
- Called when the series renderer is created