jugger_generator 3.0.0-dev.1 jugger_generator: ^3.0.0-dev.1 copied to clipboard
Compile-time dependency injection for Dart and Flutter. Jugger's feature is that it generates boilerplate code.
jugger.dart - Dependency Injection for Flutter and Dart #
Compile-time dependency injection for Dart and Flutter. Inspired by inject.dart and Dagger 2.
Jugger's feature is that it generates boilerplate code. You just need to provide dependencies and how they will be used in graph.
jugger:
jugger_generator:
Index #
- Index
- How to use
- The features
- Links
How to use #
Install #
To use this plugin, add jugger
and jugger_generator
as a dependency in your pubspec.yaml file.
dependencies:
jugger: any
dev_dependencies:
build_runner: any
jugger_generator: any
Run the generator #
To run the code generator you have two possibilities:
- If your package depends on Flutter:
flutter pub run build_runner build
- If your package does not depend on Flutter:
dart pub run build_runner build
The features #
The syntax #
Basics #
The following example shows how to use jugger:
// ignore_for_file: avoid_classes_with_only_static_members
import 'package:example/main.jugger.dart';
import 'package:jugger/jugger.dart';
void main() {
final MyComponent myComponent = JuggerMyComponent.create();
print(myComponent.getString());
}
@Component(
modules: <Type>[MyModule],
)
abstract class MyComponent {
String getString();
}
@module
abstract class MyModule {
@provides
static String provideSting() => 'hello!';
}
Component #
Component
are connecting links between Modules
and dependants. When we need some object we ask the Component. The Component knows which module can create the needed object and return it to the dependant.
A component can have modules
and other components
that it requests dependencies on:
@Component(
modules: <Type>[...],
dependencies: <Type>[...]
)
Component builder #
The component may need external objects to use for the dependency graph. To do this, you need to use a component builder
. Declare an abstract class annotated with the @componentBuilder
annotation. It must contain a requered build()
method with a return type of the component. For each external dependency, you need to declare a method with a builder return type and which contains a single parameter.
// ignore_for_file: avoid_classes_with_only_static_members
import 'package:example/main.jugger.dart';
import 'package:jugger/jugger.dart';
void main() {
final MyComponent myComponent =
JuggerMyComponentBuilder().helloString('hello').build();
print(myComponent.getString());
}
@Component()
abstract class MyComponent {
String getString();
}
@componentBuilder
abstract class MyComponentBuilder {
MyComponentBuilder helloString(String s);
MyComponent build();
}
Dependencies provided by the builder are used in the dependency graph to construct other dependencies.
...
@componentBuilder
abstract class MyComponentBuilder {
MyComponentBuilder setDouble(double d);
MyComponent build();
}
@module
abstract class MyModule {
@provides
@singleton
static int provideInteger() => 0;
@provides
static String provideSting(
int i, // used from this module
double d, // user from component builder
) =>
'$i, $d';
}
Component as dependency #
A component can depend on other components in order to use its returned objects as dependencies.
// ignore_for_file: avoid_classes_with_only_static_members
import 'package:example/main.jugger.dart';
import 'package:jugger/jugger.dart';
void main() {
// creates the first component
final FirstComponent firstComponent = JuggerFirstComponent.create();
final SecondComponent secondComponent = JuggerSecondComponentBuilder()
// passing an instance of the first component
.setFirstComponent(firstComponent)
.build();
print(secondComponent.getString());
}
@Component(
modules: <Type>[FirstModule],
)
abstract class FirstComponent {
// important! in order for the second component to use it to build objects,
// you need to add a method that returns it.
int getInt();
}
@module
abstract class FirstModule {
@provides
@singleton
static int provideInteger() => 0;
}
@Component(
// specify that use the first component as a dependency
dependencies: <Type>[FirstComponent],
modules: <Type>[SecondModule],
)
abstract class SecondComponent {
String getString();
}
// Component builder is required if you use the component as a dependency.
@componentBuilder
abstract class SecondComponentBuilder {
// set the first component
SecondComponentBuilder setFirstComponent(FirstComponent component);
SecondComponent build();
}
@module
abstract class SecondModule {
@provides
@singleton
static double provideDouble() => 0.0;
@provides
static String provideSting(
int i, // used from first component
double d, // used from this module
) =>
'$i, $d';
}
Module #
Module
are a simple class which contain logic for creating objects. Modules only contain methods which provide dependency. Generally, each Module includes objects which relate to some part of the application’s logic.
@module
abstract class <ModuleName> {
...
provide and binds methods
...
}
Module
must be abstract and contains only static or abstact methods.
Included modules #
Additional modules contributions of the modules in includes
, and of their inclusions recursively, are all contributed to the object graph.
@Module(includes: <Type>[Module2, Module3])
abstract class Module1 {
...
Provide method #
Method annotated with the @provides
annotation return instances of classes that which are used in the dependency graph.
@provides
static String provideSting() => 'hello';
A method can contain parameters that construct the object it returns. "dependencies" must also be provided in the same or another module.
@provides
static int provideInteger() => 0;
@provides
static double provideDouble() => 0.0;
@provides
static String provideSting(int i, double d) => '$i, $d';
Bind method #
A @binds
method is the same as @provides
, but it binds the interface to the implementation. The method must be abstract and have one parameter that implements the return type.
abstract class MyInterface { }
class MyImplementation implements MyInterface {
@inject
const MyImplementation();
}
@module
abstract class MyModule {
@binds
MyInterface bindMyClass(MyImplementation impl);
}
Singleton #
This annotation is used to indicate only a single instance of dependency object is created. NOTE: this scope is applied for each module separately!
Can be applied to methods in a module and to a class constructor.
@provides
@singleton // Tell the graph that there can be only single instance.
static int provideInteger() => 0;
@singleton // Will be used if there is no provider for this class.
class MyClass {
@inject
const MyClass();
}
Inject #
The annotation told the jugger whether the annotated would be used when building the graph.
Injected constructor #
The annotation told the jugger whether the given class would be used when building the graph.
class MyClass {
@inject
const MyClass();
}
For such a class, you can not declare a provider method in the module, the jugger will understand this and generate it himself.
// ignore_for_file: avoid_classes_with_only_static_members
import 'package:example/main.jugger.dart';
import 'package:jugger/jugger.dart';
void main() {
final MyComponent firstComponent = JuggerMyComponent.create();
print(firstComponent.getStringProvider().getString());
}
@Component(
modules: <Type>[MyModule],
)
abstract class MyComponent {
StringProvider getStringProvider();
}
@module
abstract class MyModule {
@provides
static int provideInteger() => 0;
@provides
static double provideDouble() => 0.0;
}
class StringProvider {
// inject the constructor, the jugger itself creates a provider for this class
@inject
// will use dependencies from the module in which it is used
const StringProvider(this.d, this.i);
final int i;
final double d;
String getString() => '$i, $d';
}
Injected method #
The method can also be injected. it will be called when the jugger creates an instance of the class.
// ignore_for_file: avoid_classes_with_only_static_members
import 'package:example/main.jugger.dart';
import 'package:jugger/jugger.dart';
void main() {
final MyComponent firstComponent = JuggerMyComponent.create();
print(firstComponent.getStringProvider().getString());
}
@Component(
modules: <Type>[MyModule],
)
abstract class MyComponent {
StringProvider getStringProvider();
}
@module
abstract class MyModule {
@provides
static int provideInteger() => 0;
@provides
static double provideDouble() => 0.0;
}
class StringProvider {
@inject
StringProvider(this.d);
final double d;
String? _s;
// inject the method
@inject
// will use dependencies from the module in which it is used
void init(int i) {
_s = '$i, $d';
}
String getString() => _s ?? '';
}
Qualifiers #
@Qualifier annotation is used to distinguish between objects of the same type but with different instances. Example of Named qulifier:
@module
abstract class AppModule {
@provides
@Named('dev')
static AppConfig provideDevAppConfig() {
return const AppConfig('https://dev.com/');
}
@provides
@Named('release')
static AppConfig provideReleaseAppConfig() {
return const AppConfig('https://dev.com/');
}
@provides
@singleton
static AppConfig provideAppConfig(
AppEnvironment environment,
@Named('dev') AppConfig dev,
@Named('release') AppConfig release,
) {
switch (environment) {
case AppEnvironment.dev:
return dev;
case AppEnvironment.release:
return release;
}
}
}
You can also declare a custom qualifier:
@qualifier
class Release {
const Release();
}
const Release release = Release();
@qualifier
class Dev {
const Dev();
}
const Dev dev = Dev();
And use as:
@provides
@dev
static AppConfig provideDevAppConfig() {
return const AppConfig('https://dev.com/');
}
Disposable component #
Objects whose life cycle is the same as the component can be disposed. Usually they are singleton objects. To dispose of such objects, you need to add a method to the component:
@Component()
abstract class AppComponent {
Future<void> dispose();
}
The objects themselves must be a scoped(singleton):
@singleton
@disposable
class MySingleton {
@inject
constMySingleton();
}
Or in a module:
@module
abstract class AppModule {
@provides
@singleton
@disposable
static MySingleton provideMySingleton() => MySingleton();
}
Disposable objects must have a dispose method:
class MySingleton {
@inject
const MySingleton();
void dispose() { }
// or
Future<void> dispose() async {}
}
If it is not possible to declare a dispose method, you can assign another method for disposal.
To do this, you need to specify the delegated strategy for the disposable annotation:
@provides
@singleton
@Disposable(strategy: DisposalStrategy.delegated)
static MySingleton provideMySingleton() => MySingleton();
And add a method to the module to dispose of the object:
@disposalHandler
static Future<void> disposeMySingleton(MySingleton mySingleton) async {
await mySingleton.close();
}
The disposable object looks like this:
class MySingleton {
@inject
const MySingleton();
Future<void> close() async {}
}
To dispose of component objects, simply call dispose. After that, the component will not be usable. The operation will be idempotent.
Multibindings #
Jugger allows you to bind several objects into a collection even when the objects are bound in different modules using multibindings. Dagger assembles the collection so that application code can inject it without depending directly on the individual bindings.
Set multibindings
In order to contribute one element to an injectable multibound set, add an @IntoSet annotation to your module method:
@module
abstract class Module {
@provides
@intoSet
static String provideString1() => '1';
@provides
@intoSet
static String provideString2() => '2';
}
Now the component can provide the set:
@Component(modules: <Type>[Module])
abstract class AppComponent {
Set<String> get strings;
}
Or a binding in that component can depend on the set:
@provides
static int provideCount(Set<String> strings) => strings.length;
Map multibindings
Jugger lets you use multibindings to contribute entries to an injectable map as long as the map keys are known at compile time.
To contribute an entry to a multibound map, add a method to a module that returns the value and is annotated with @IntoMap and with another custom annotation that specifies the map key for that entry.
For maps with keys that are strings or boxed primitives, use one of the standard annotations:
@module
abstract class Module {
@provides
@intoMap
@StringKey('b')
static int provideInt1() => 1;
@provides
@intoMap
@StringKey('a')
static int provideInt2() => 2;
}
@Component(modules: <Type>[Module])
abstract class AppComponent {
Map<String, int> get ints;
}
The following key types are supported:
- String
- int
- double
- bool
- Type
- Enum
Jugger already has several pre-built annotations:
- @StringKey
- @IntKey
- @TypeKey
But you can also create a custom annotation:
@mapKey
class MyKey {
const MyKey(this.value);
final double value;
}
Lazy initialization #
Sometimes a dependency needs to be initialized not immediately, but later. You can use Lazy for this. This is useful for not initializing dependencies if they are not going to be used. As an example, this is the choice of which dependency to use in the provider method:
@j.provides
static Repository provideRepository(
ILazy<OfflineRepository> offline,
ILazy<OnlineRepository> online,
bool isOnline,
) {
if (isOnline) {
return online.get();
} else {
return offline.get();
}
}
In this example, a repository will be provided, depending on the isOnline flag, you need to use a specific repository. When used, the Lale one will only initialize the required repository.
build.yaml #
targets:
$default:
builders:
jugger_generator:
options:
remove_interface_prefix_from_component_name: true
check_unused_providers: true
generated_file_line_length: 80
remove_interface_prefix_from_component_name #
If your components have a prefix in the name, then when creating the jugger class, it will be removed. By default it is turned on.
final IMyComponent myComponent = JuggerMyComponent.create();
instead:
final IMyComponent myComponent = JuggerIMyComponent.create();
check_unused_providers: #
If there are classes in the graph that are not used, the generation will fall. By default it is turned on.
generated_file_line_length: #
The number of characters allowed in a single line of generated file. Default value is 80.
Links #
Telegram chat: https://t.me/jugger_chat