fast_i18n 5.12.3 fast_i18n: ^5.12.3 copied to clipboard
Localization / Internationalization (i18n) solution. Use JSON, YAML or CSV files to create typesafe translations via source generation.
fast_i18n #
Lightweight i18n solution. Use JSON, YAML or CSV files to create typesafe translations.
About this library #
- π Minimal setup, create JSON files and get started! No configuration needed.
- π¦ Self-contained, you can remove this library after generation.
- π Bug-resistant, no typos or missing arguments possible due to compiler errors.
- β‘ Fast, you get translations using native dart method calls, zero parsing!
- π¨ Configurable, English is not the default language? Configure it in
build.yaml
!
You can see an example of the generated file here.
This is how you access the translations:
final t = Translations.of(context); // there is also a static getter without context
String a = t.mainScreen.title; // simple use case
String b = t.game.end.highscore(score: 32.6); // with parameters
String c = t.items(count: 2); // with pluralization
String d = t.greet(name: 'Tom', context: Gender.male); // with custom context
String e = t.intro.step[4]; // with index
String f = t.error.type['WARNING']; // with dynamic key
String g = t['mainScreen.title']; // with fully dynamic key
PageData page0 = t.onboarding.pages[0]; // with interfaces
PageData page1 = t.onboarding.pages[1];
String h = page1.title; // type-safe call
Table of Contents #
- Getting Started
- Configuration
- Main Features
- Complex Features
- Structuring Features
- Other Features
- Tools
- FAQ
- Further Reading
Getting Started #
It may be easier if you checkout tutorials in your language.
Coming from ARB? There is a tool for that.
Step 1: Add dependencies
It is recommended to add fast_i18n
to dev_dependencies
.
dev_dependencies:
build_runner: any
fast_i18n: <latest version>
Step 2: Create JSON files
Create these files inside your lib
directory. For example, lib/i18n
.
YAML and CSV files are also supported (see File Types).
Writing translations into assets folder requires extra configuration (see FAQ).
Format:
<namespace>_<locale?>.<extension>
You can ignore the namespace for this basic example, so just use a generic name like strings
or translations
.
Example:
lib/
βββ i18n/
βββ strings.i18n.json
βββ strings_de.i18n.json
βββ strings_zh-CN.i18n.json <-- example for country code
// File: strings.i18n.json (mandatory, base locale)
{
"hello": "Hello $name",
"save": "Save",
"login": {
"success": "Logged in successfully",
"fail": "Logged in failed"
}
}
// File: strings_de.i18n.json
{
"hello": "Hallo $name",
"save": "Speichern",
"login": {
"success": "Login erfolgreich",
"fail": "Login fehlgeschlagen"
}
}
Step 3: Generate the dart code
flutter pub run fast_i18n
alternative (but slower):
flutter pub run build_runner build --delete-conflicting-outputs
Step 4: Initialize
a) use device locale
void main() {
WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized(); // add this
LocaleSettings.useDeviceLocale(); // and this
runApp(MyApp());
}
b) use specific locale
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
String storedLocale = loadFromStorage(); // your logic here
LocaleSettings.setLocaleRaw(storedLocale);
}
c) use dependency injection (aka "I handle it myself")
final english = AppLocale.en.build();
final german = AppLocale.de.build();
// read
String a = german.login.success;
You can ignore step 4a and 5 (but not 4b) if you handle the locale yourself.
Step 4a: Flutter locale
This is optional but recommended.
Standard flutter controls (e.g. back button's tooltip) will also pick the right locale.
# File: pubspec.yaml
dependencies:
flutter:
sdk: flutter
flutter_localizations: # add this
sdk: flutter
void main() {
WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
runApp(TranslationProvider(child: MyApp())); // Wrap your app with TranslationProvider
}
MaterialApp(
locale: TranslationProvider.of(context).flutterLocale, // use provider
supportedLocales: LocaleSettings.supportedLocales,
localizationsDelegates: GlobalMaterialLocalizations.delegates,
child: YourFirstScreen(),
)
Step 4b: iOS configuration
File: ios/Runner/Info.plist
<key>CFBundleLocalizations</key>
<array>
<string>en</string>
<string>de</string>
</array>
Step 5: Use your translations
import 'package:my_app/i18n/strings.g.dart'; // import
String a = t.login.success; // get translation
Configuration #
This is optional. This library works without any configuration (in most cases).
For customization, you can create the build.yaml
file. Place it in the root directory.
targets:
$default:
builders:
fast_i18n:
options:
base_locale: fr
fallback_strategy: base_locale
input_directory: lib/i18n
input_file_pattern: .i18n.json
output_directory: lib/i18n
output_file_pattern: .g.dart # deprecated, use output_file_name
output_file_name: translations.g.dart
output_format: single_file
locale_handling: true
namespaces: false
translate_var: t
enum_name: AppLocale
translation_class_visibility: private
key_case: snake
key_map_case: camel
param_case: pascal
string_interpolation: double_braces
flat_map: false
timestamp: true
maps:
- error.codes
- category
- iconNames
pluralization:
auto: cardinal
cardinal:
- someKey.apple
ordinal:
- someKey.place
contexts:
gender_context:
enum:
- male
- female
auto: false
paths:
- my.path.to.greet
interfaces:
PageData: onboarding.pages.*
PageData2:
paths:
- my.path
- cool.pages.*
attributes:
- String title
- String? content
Key | Type | Usage | Default |
---|---|---|---|
base_locale |
String |
locale of default json | en |
fallback_strategy |
none , base_locale |
handle missing translations (i) | none |
input_directory |
String |
path to input directory | null |
input_file_pattern |
String |
input file pattern, must end with .json, .yaml or .csv | .i18n.json |
output_directory |
String |
path to output directory | null |
output_file_pattern |
String |
deprecated: output file pattern | .g.dart |
output_file_name |
String |
output file name | null |
output_format |
single_file , multiple_files |
split output files (i) | single_file |
locale_handling |
Boolean |
generate locale handling logic (i) | true |
namespaces |
Boolean |
split input files (i) | false |
translate_var |
String |
translate variable name | t |
enum_name |
String |
enum name | AppLocale |
translation_class_visibility |
private , public |
class visibility | private |
key_case |
null , camel , pascal , snake |
transform keys (optional) (i) | null |
key_map_case |
null , camel , pascal , snake |
transform keys for maps (optional) (i) | null |
param_case |
null , camel , pascal , snake |
transform parameters (optional) (i) | null |
string_interpolation |
dart , braces , double_braces |
string interpolation mode (i) | dart |
flat_map |
Boolean |
generate flat map (i) | true |
timestamp |
Boolean |
write "Built on" timestamp | true |
maps |
List<String> |
entries which should be accessed via keys (i) | [] |
pluralization /auto |
off , cardinal , ordinal |
detect plurals automatically (i) | cardinal |
pluralization /cardinal |
List<String> |
entries which have cardinals | [] |
pluralization /ordinal |
List<String> |
entries which have ordinals | [] |
<context> /enum |
List<String> |
context forms (i) | no default |
<context> /auto |
Boolean |
auto detect context | true |
<context> /paths |
List<String> |
entries using this context | [] |
children of interfaces |
Pairs of Alias:Path |
alias interfaces (i) | null |
Main Features #
β€ File Types #
Supported file types: JSON (default)
, YAML
and CSV
.
To change to YAML or CSV, please modify input_file_pattern
.
# File: build.yaml
targets:
$default:
builders:
fast_i18n:
options:
input_directory: assets/i18n
input_file_pattern: .i18n.yaml # must end with .json, .yaml or .csv
JSON Example
{
"welcome": {
"title": "Welcome $name"
}
}
YAML Example
welcome:
title: Welcome $name # some comment
CSV Example
You may also combine multiple locales into one CSV (see Compact CSV).
# Format: <key>, <translation>
welcome.title,Welcome $name
pages.0.title,First Page
pages.1.title,Second Page
β€ String Interpolation #
Translations often have a dynamic parameter. There are multiple ways to define them.
# File: build.yaml
targets:
$default:
builders:
fast_i18n:
options:
string_interpolation: dart # change to braces or double_braces
You can always escape them by adding a backslash, e.g. \{notAnArgument}
.
dart (default)
Hello $name. I am ${height}m.
braces
Hello {name}
double_braces
Hello {{name}}
β€ Lists #
Lists are fully supported. No configuration needed. You can also put lists or maps inside lists!
{
"niceList": [
"hello",
"nice",
[
"first item in nested list",
"second item in nested list"
],
{
"wow": "WOW!",
"ok": "OK!"
},
{
"a map entry": "access via key",
"another entry": "access via second key"
}
]
}
String a = t.niceList[1]; // "nice"
String b = t.niceList[2][0]; // "first item in nested list"
String c = t.niceList[3].ok; // "OK!"
String d = t.niceList[4]['a map entry']; // "access via key"
β€ Maps #
You can access each translation via string keys by defining maps.
Define maps in your build.yaml
.
Keep in mind that all nice features like autocompletion are gone.
// File: strings.i18n.json
{
"a": {
"hello world": "hello"
},
"b": {
"b0": "hey",
"b1": {
"hi there": "hi"
}
}
}
# File: build.yaml
targets:
$default:
builders:
fast_i18n:
options:
maps:
- a
- b.b1
Now you can access the translations via keys:
String a = t.a['hello world']; // "hello"
String b = t.b.b0; // "hey"
String c = t.b.b1['hi there']; // "hi"
β€ Dynamic Keys / Flat Map #
A more general solution to Maps. ALL translations are accessible via an one-dimensional map.
It is supported out of the box. No configuration needed.
This can be disabled globally by setting flat_map: false
.
String a = t['myPath.anotherPath'];
String b = t['myPath.anotherPath.3']; // with index for arrays
String c = t['myPath.anotherPath'](name: 'Tom'); // with arguments
Complex Features #
β€ Linked Translations #
You can link one translation to another. Add the prefix @:
followed by the translation key.
{
"fields": {
"name": "my name is {firstName}",
"age": "I am {age} years old"
},
"introduce": "Hello, @:fields.name and @:fields.age"
}
String s = t.introduce(firstName: 'Tom', age: 27); // Hello, my name is Tom and I am 27 years old.
β€ Pluralization #
This library uses the concept defined here.
Some languages have support out of the box. See here.
Plurals are detected by the following keywords: zero
, one
, two
, few
, many
, other
.
// File: strings.i18n.json
{
"someKey": {
"apple": {
"one": "I have $count apple.",
"other": "I have $count apples."
}
}
}
String a = t.someKey.apple(count: 1); // I have 1 apple.
String b = t.someKey.apple(count: 2); // I have 2 apples.
The detected plurals are cardinals by default.
In general, you will probably use only this variant. Ordinals are rarely used. If your project only has cardinals, then you don't need to configure anything! It works out of the box.
However, if you have ordinals, then you will need some configurations.
// File: strings.i18n.json
{
"someKey": {
"apple": {
// cardinal
"one": "I have $count apple.",
"other": "I have $count apples."
},
"place": {
// ordinal (rarely used)
"one": "${count}st place.",
"two": "${count}nd place.",
"few": "${count}rd place.",
"other": "${count}th place."
}
}
}
# File: build.yaml
targets:
$default:
builders:
fast_i18n:
options:
pluralization:
auto: off
cardinal:
- someKey.apple
ordinal:
- someKey.place
In case your language is not supported, you must provide a custom pluralization resolver:
// add this before you call the pluralization strings. Otherwise an exception will be thrown.
// you don't need to specify both
LocaleSettings.setPluralResolver(
language: 'en',
cardinalResolver: (num n, {String? zero, String? one, String? two, String? few, String? many, String? other}) {
if (n == 0)
return zero ?? other!;
if (n == 1)
return one ?? other!;
return other!;
},
ordinalResolver: (num n, {String? zero, String? one, String? two, String? few, String? many, String? other}) {
if (n % 10 == 1 && n % 100 != 11)
return one ?? other!;
if (n % 10 == 2 && n % 100 != 12)
return two ?? other!;
if (n % 10 == 3 && n % 100 != 13)
return few ?? other!;
return other!;
},
);
By default, the parameter name is count
. You can change that by adding a hint.
{
"someKey": {
"apple(appleCount)": {
"one": "I have one apple.",
"other": "I have multiple apples."
}
}
}
String a = t.someKey.apple(appleCount: 2); // notice 'appleCount' instead of 'count'
β€ Custom Contexts #
You can utilize custom contexts to differentiate between male and female forms.
// File: strings.i18n.json
{
"greet": {
"male": "Hello Mr $name",
"female": "Hello Ms $name"
}
}
# File: build.yaml
targets:
$default:
builders:
fast_i18n:
options:
contexts:
gender_context:
enum:
- male
- female
polite_context:
enum:
- polite
- rude
String a = t.greet(name: 'Maria', context: GenderContext.female);
Auto detection is on by default. You can disable auto detection. This may speed up build time.
# File: build.yaml
targets:
$default:
builders:
fast_i18n:
options:
contexts:
gender_context:
enum:
- male
- female
auto: false # disable auto detection
paths: # now you must specify paths manually
- my.path.to.greet
In contrast to pluralization, you must provide all forms. Collapse it to save space.
{
"greet": {
"male,female": "Hello $name"
}
}
Similarly to plurals, the parameter name is context
by default. You can change that by adding a hint.
{
"greet(gender)": {
"male": "Hello Mr",
"female": "Hello Ms"
}
}
String a = t.greet(gender: GenderContext.female); // notice 'gender' instead of 'context'
β€ Interfaces #
Often, multiple objects have the same attributes. You can create a common super class for that.
{
"onboarding": {
"whatsNew": {
"v2": {
"title": "New in 2.0",
"rows": [
"Add sync"
]
},
"v3": {
"title": "New in 3.0",
"rows": [
"New game modes",
"And a lot more!"
]
}
}
}
}
Here we know that all objects inside whatsNew
have the same attributes. Let's name these objects ChangeData
.
# File: build.yaml
targets:
$default:
builders:
fast_i18n:
options:
interfaces:
ChangeData: onboarding.whatsNew.*
This would create the following mixin:
mixin ChangeData {
String get title;
List<String> get rows;
}
Now you can access these fields by using polymorphism:
// before: without interfaces
void myOldFunction(dynamic changes) {
String title = changes.title; // not type safe!
List<String> rows = changes.rows; // prone to typos
}
// after: using interfaces
void myFunction(ChangeData changes) {
String title = changes.title;
List<String> rows = changes.rows;
}
void main() {
myFunction(t.onboarding.whatsNew.v2);
myFunction(t.onboarding.whatsNew.v3);
}
You can customize the attributes and use different node selectors.
Checkout the full article.
β€ Locale Enum #
Typesafety is one of the main advantages of this library. No typos. Enjoy exhausted switch-cases!
// this enum is generated automatically for you
enum AppLocale {
en,
fr,
zhCn,
}
// extension methods
Locale locale = AppLocale.en.flutterLocale; // to native flutter locale
String tag = AppLocale.en.languageTag; // to string tag (e.g. en-US)
final t = AppLocale.en.translations; // get translations of one locale
β€ Dependency Injection #
You don't like the included LocaleSettings
solution?
Then you can use your own dependency injection solution!
Just create custom translation instances that don't depend on LocaleSettings
or any other side effects.
First, set the following configuration:
# File: build.yaml
targets:
$default:
builders:
fast_i18n:
options:
locale_handling: false # remove unused t variable, LocaleSettings, etc.
translation_class_visibility: public
Example using the riverpod
library:
final english = AppLocale.en.build(cardinalResolver: myEnResolver);
final german = AppLocale.de.build(cardinalResolver: myDeResolver);
final translationProvider = StateProvider<StringsEn>((ref) => german); // set it
// access the current instance
final t = ref.watch(translationProvider);
String a = t.welcome.title;
Checkout the full article.
Structuring Features #
β€ Namespaces #
You can split the translations into multiple files. Each file represents a namespace.
This feature is disabled by default for single-file usage. You must enable it.
# File: build.yaml
targets:
$default:
builders:
fast_i18n:
options:
namespaces: true # enable this feature
output_directory: lib/i18n # optional
output_file_name: translations.g.dart # set file name (mandatory)
Let's create two namespaces called widgets
and dialogs
.
<namespace>_<locale?>.<extension>
i18n/
βββ widgets.i18n.json
βββ widgets_fr.i18n.json
βββ dialogs.i18n.json
βββ dialogs_fr.i18n.json
You can also use different folders. Only file name matters!
i18n/
βββ widgets/
βββ widgets.i18n.json
βββ widgets_fr.i18n.json
βββ dialogs/
βββ dialogs.i18n.json
βββ dialogs_fr.i18n.json
i18n/
βββ en/
βββ widgets.i18n.json
βββ dialogs.i18n.json
βββ fr/
βββ widgets_fr.i18n.json
βββ dialogs_fr.i18n.json
Now access the translations:
// t.<namespace>.<path>
String a = t.widgets.welcomeCard.title;
String b = t.dialogs.logout.title;
β€ Output Format #
By default, a single .g.dart
file will be generated.
You can split this file into multiple ones to improve readability and IDE performance.
targets:
$default:
builders:
fast_i18n:
options:
output_file_name: translations.g.dart
output_format: multiple_files # set this
This will generate the following files:
lib/
βββ i18n/
βββ translations.g.dart <-- main file
βββ translations_en.g.dart <-- translation classes
βββ translations_de.g.dart <-- translation classes
βββ ...
βββ translations_map.g.dart <-- translations stored in flat maps
You only need to import the main file!
β€ Compact CSV #
Normally, you would create a new csv file for each locale:
strings.i18n.csv
, strings_fr.i18n.csv
, etc.
You can also merge multiple locales into one single csv file! To do this, you need at least 3 columns. The first row contains the locale names. This library should detect that, so no configuration is needed.
Comments are supported. (see Comments)
,locale_0 ,locale_1 , ... ,locale_n
key_0,string_00,string_01, ... ,string_0n
key_1,string_10,string_11, ... ,string_1n
...
key_m,string_m0,string_m1, ... ,string_mn
Example:
key,en,de-DE
welcome.title,Welcome $name,Willkommen $name
welcome.button,Start,Start
assets/
βββ i18n/
βββ strings.i18n.csv <-- contains all locales
Other Features #
β€ Fallback #
By default, you must provide all translations for all locales. Otherwise, you cannot compile it.
In case of rapid development, you can turn off this feature. Missing translations will fallback to base locale.
targets:
$default:
builders:
fast_i18n:
options:
base_locale: en
fallback_strategy: base_locale # add this
// English
{
"hello": "Hello",
"bye": "Bye"
}
// French
{
"hello": "Salut",
// "bye" is missing, fallback to English version
}
β€ Comments #
You can add comments in your translation files.
JSON
All keys starting with @
will be ignored.
If a @key
key matches an existing key, then its value will be rendered as a comment.
{
"@@locale": "en", // fully ignored
"mainScreen": {
"button": "Submit",
// ignored as translation but rendered as a comment
"@button": "The submit button shown at the bottom",
// ARB style is also possible, the description will be rendered as a comment
"@button2": {
"context": "HomePage",
"description": "The submit button shown at the bottom"
},
}
}
YAML
Currently, not parsed and no comments will be generated.
mainScreen:
button: Submit # The submit button shown at the bottom
CSV
Columns with parentheses like (my_column)
are ignored.
Values in the first column with parentheses will be rendered as a comment.
key,(comment),en,de,(ignored comment)
mainScreen.button,The submit button shown at the bottom,Submit,BestΓ€tigen,fully ignored
mainScreen.content,,Content,Inhalt,
Generated File
/// The submit button shown at the bottom
String get button => 'Submit';
β€ Recasing #
By default, no transformations will be applied.
You can change that by specifying key_case
, key_map_case
or param_case
.
Possible cases are: camel
, snake
and pascal
.
{
"must_be_camel_case": "The parameter is in {snakeCase}",
"my_map": {
"this_should_be_in_pascal": "hi"
}
}
targets:
$default:
builders:
fast_i18n:
options:
key_case: camel
key_map_case: pascal
param_case: snake
maps:
- myMap # all paths must be cased accordingly
String a = t.mustBeCamelCase(snake_case: 'nice');
String b = t.myMap['ThisShouldBeInPascal'];
Tools #
β€ Main Command #
The main command to generate dart files from translation resources.
flutter pub run fast_i18n
β€ Migration #
There are some tools to make migration from other i18n solutions easier.
General migration syntax:
flutter pub run fast_i18n:migrate <type> <source> <destination>
ARB
Transforms ARB files to compatible JSON format. All descriptions are retained.
flutter pub run fast_i18n:migrate arb source.arb destination.json
ARB Input
{
"@@locale": "en_US",
"@@context": "HomePage",
"title_bar": "My Cool Home",
"@title_bar": {
"type": "text",
"context": "HomePage",
"description": "Page title."
},
"FOO_123": "Your pending cost is {COST}",
"foo456": "Hello {0}",
"pageHomeInboxCount" : "{count, plural, zero{You have no new messages} one{You have 1 new message} other{You have {count} new messages}}",
"@pageHomeInboxCount" : {
"placeholders": {
"count": {}
}
}
}
JSON Result
{
"@@locale": "en_US",
"@@context": "HomePage",
"title": {
"bar": "My Cool Home",
"@bar": "Page title."
},
"foo123": "Your pending cost is {cost}",
"foo456": "Hello {arg0}",
"page": {
"home": {
"inbox": {
"count(count)": {
"zero": "You have no new messages",
"one": "You have 1 new message",
"other": "You have {count} new messages"
}
}
}
}
}
β€ Statistics #
There is a command to quickly get the number of words, characters, etc.
flutter pub run fast_i18n:stats
Example console output:
[en]
- 9 keys (including intermediate keys)
- 6 translations (leaves only)
- 15 words
- 82 characters (ex. [,.?!'ΒΏΒ‘])
β€ Auto Rebuild #
You can let the library rebuild automatically for you.
The watch function from build_runner
is NOT maintained.
flutter pub run fast_i18n:watch
FAQ #
Can I write the json files in the asset folder?
Yes. Specify input_directory
and output_directory
in build.yaml
.
targets:
$default:
sources:
- "custom-directory/**" # optional; only assets/* and lib/* are scanned by build_runner
builders:
fast_i18n:
options:
input_directory: assets/i18n
output_directory: lib/i18n
Can I skip translations or use them from base locale?
Yes. Please set fallback_strategy: base_locale
in build.yaml
.
Now you can leave out translations in secondary languages. Missing translations will fallback to base locale.
Can I prevent the timestamp Built on
from updating?
No, but you can disable the timestamp altogether. Set timestamp: false
in build.yaml
.
Why setLocale doesn't work?
In most cases, you forgot the setState
call.
A more elegant solution is to use TranslationProvider(child: MyApp())
and then get your translation variable with final t = Translations.of(context)
.
It will automatically trigger a rebuild on setLocale
for all affected widgets.
My plural resolver is not specified?
An exception is thrown by _missingPluralResolver
because you missed to add LocaleSettings.setPluralResolver
for the specific language.
See Pluralization.
How does plural / context detection work?
You can let the library detect plurals or contexts.
For plurals, it checks if any json node has zero
, one
, two
, few
, many
or other
as children.
As soon as an unknown item has been detected, then this json node is not a pluralization.
{
"fake": {
"one": "One apple",
"two": "Two apples",
"three": "Three apples" // unknown key word 'three', 'fake' is not a pluralization
}
}
For contexts, all enum values must exist.
How can I use multiple plurals in one sentence?
You may use linked translations to solve this problem.
{
"apples(appleCount)": {
"one": "one apple",
"other": "{appleCount} apples"
},
"bananas(bananaCount)": {
"one": "one banana",
"other": "{bananaCount} bananas"
},
"sentence": "I have @:apples and @:bananas"
}
String a = t.sentence(appleCount: 1, bananaCount: 2); // two different plural parameters!
What's the difference between AppLocale.en.translations
and AppLocale.en.build()
?
The plural resolvers of AppLocale.<locale>.translations
must be set via LocaleSettings.setPluralResolver
.
Therefore, calls on LocaleSettings
has side effects on AppLocale.<locale>.translations
.
When you call AppLocale.<locale>.build()
, there are no side effects.
Furthermore, the first method returns the instance managed by this library. The second one always returns a new instance.
Further Reading #
In Depth #
Tutorials #
Feel free to extend this list :)
License #
MIT License
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