external_storage 1.0.0

Android & iOS storage plugin: storage volumes (SD card / USB UUID), file and directory operations, file system watching and storage permission handling.

external_storage

• Author: Li Juncai (jcLee95)
• 
• Email: [e-mail]
• Description: A Flutter storage plugin for Android and iOS: storage volumes (including SD card / USB drive UUIDs), file and directory operations, file system watching and storage permission handling.
• License: LICENSE
• 中文版：README_CN.md

Introduction

External Storage is a powerful and easy-to-use Flutter plugin designed for cross-platform file and storage management. The library provides a comprehensive set of APIs for handling file and directory operations on external storage devices, supporting various file system interaction scenarios.

Feature Highlights

• 📱 Multi-storage device management
• 📂 Complete file and directory operations
• 👀 Real-time file system monitoring
• 🔒 Comprehensive permission management
• 🛠 Rich file utility methods
• ⚡ High-performance file operations
• 🎯 Type-safe API

Platform support

	Android	iOS
Minimum version	Android 5.0 (API 21)	iOS 13
getAllStorageDevices()	Internal storage, SD cards, USB OTG drives (with UUID)	The app's data volume; path is the app's Documents directory
File and directory operations	Yes	Yes (inside the app sandbox)
watch() / startWatching()	inotify: every WatchEventType, recursive	Polling (1 s): create, modify, delete, deleteSelf
Storage permissions	Runtime permissions / All files access	Not needed, always granted

File and directory operations are implemented with dart:io, so both platforms share one implementation. They run on Dart's I/O threads (large listings, MD5 and directory sizes in a background isolate) and never pass file contents through a platform channel. Only storage volume information, permissions and Android's inotify watcher are native.

Installation

Add the following dependency to your pubspec.yaml file:

dependencies:
  external_storage: ^1.0.0

Then execute the Flutter package retrieval command:

flutter pub get

Or directly install the latest version using the add command:

flutter pub add external_storage

Configuration

Requirements: Flutter 3.32+ / Dart 3.8+.

Android

The plugin already merges READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE / WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE for Android 10 and below. On Android 11+ (API 30+), accessing the whole external storage (including SD cards and USB drives) requires All files access. Because Google Play restricts this permission, the plugin does not declare it for you; add it to your app's android/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml:

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">
    <uses-permission
        android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"
        tools:ignore="ScopedStorage" />
    ...
</manifest>

If it is missing, requestStoragePermissions() throws a PlatformException with code PERMISSION_NOT_DECLARED.

Android version	checkStoragePermissions() checks	requestStoragePermissions() does
11+ (API 30+)	MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE	Opens the system All files access page; resolves when the user returns
6 – 10 (API 23–29)	READ/WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE	Shows the runtime permission dialog
5.x (API 21–22)	granted at install time	Returns true

iOS

No configuration or permission is needed: an iOS app can always read and write its own sandbox, so checkStoragePermissions() and requestStoragePermissions() return true.

getAllStorageDevices() returns one device for the app's data volume. Its path is the app's Documents directory, which is the place for user-visible files. To make those files show up in the Files app (On My iPhone › your app), add this to ios/Runner/Info.plist:

<key>UIFileSharingEnabled</key>
<true/>
<key>LSSupportsOpeningDocumentsInPlace</key>
<true/>

USB drives and SD card readers connected to an iPhone or iPad are not reachable by path. Apps can only open files on them through the system document picker (UIDocumentPickerViewController).

Refer to the provided example project for detailed information.

Basic Usage

Initialization

import 'package:external_storage/external_storage.dart';

final externalStorage = ExternalStorage();

Storage Device Information

Retrieve all available storage devices:

Future<void> getStorageDevices() async {
  try {
    final devices = await externalStorage.getAllStorageDevices();
    for (final device in devices) {
      print('Device Path: ${device.path}');
      print('Device Name: ${device.name}'); // localized by the system, e.g. "SanDisk SD card"
      print('Total Space: ${device.totalSize} bytes');
      print('Available Space: ${device.availableSize} bytes');
      print('UUID: ${device.uuid}'); // e.g. 1A2B-3C4D, null for primary storage
    }
  } catch (e) {
    print('Failed to get storage devices: $e');
  }
}

Identifying an external drive (SD card / USB)

Android has no drive letters. The closest equivalent is the volume UUID (file-system serial, e.g. 1A2B-3C4D), which stays the same for a given card across devices; the mount path is usually /storage/<UUID>.

final devices = await externalStorage.getAllStorageDevices();
for (final d in devices.where((d) => d.isRemovable)) {
  print('${d.description ?? d.name}: uuid=${d.uuid}, path=${d.path}');
}

description is the system-provided label (e.g. "SanDisk SD card", "USB drive").

File Operations

import 'dart:convert';
import 'dart:typed_data';

// Android: /storage/emulated/0, iOS: the app's Documents directory
final device = (await externalStorage.getAllStorageDevices())
    .firstWhere((d) => d.isPrimary);
final file = '${device.path}/Download/notes.txt';

// Writing (parent directories are created automatically)
final bytes = Uint8List.fromList(utf8.encode('Hello, External Storage! 你好'));
final written = await externalStorage.writeFile(file, bytes);
await externalStorage.writeFile(file, bytes, append: true);

// Reading the whole file or a range
final content = utf8.decode(await externalStorage.readFile(file));
final header = await externalStorage.readFile(file, offset: 0, length: 16);

// Copy / move (moving across volumes, e.g. to an SD card, falls back to copy + delete)
await externalStorage.copyFile(file, '${device.path}/Download/notes_copy.txt');
await externalStorage.moveFile(file, '${device.path}/Documents/notes.txt');

// Metadata
final info = await externalStorage.getFileInfo('${device.path}/Documents/notes.txt');
print('${info.size} bytes, modified ${info.lastModified}, writable: ${info.canWrite}');
final md5 = await externalStorage.calculateMD5(info.path);
final mime = await externalStorage.getMimeType(info.path); // text/plain

Use utf8.encode / utf8.decode for text; String.codeUnits breaks non-Latin text.

Directory Operations

final dir = '${device.path}/Download/my_app';
await externalStorage.createDirectory(dir, recursive: true);

// Direct children, or the whole tree with recursive: true
final entries = await externalStorage.listDirectory(dir);
for (final entry in entries) {
  print('${entry.isDirectory ? 'DIR ' : 'FILE'} ${entry.name} ${entry.size}');
}

final dirInfo = await externalStorage.getDirectoryInfo(dir); // counts + volume space
final size = await externalStorage.getDirectorySize(dir);
await externalStorage.copyDirectory(dir, '$dir-backup');
await externalStorage.deleteDirectory('$dir-backup', recursive: true);

File System Monitoring

watch() returns a stream. Watching starts when you listen and stops when you cancel the subscription, and several paths can be watched at the same time. Each event carries the full path of the changed entry:

final subscription = externalStorage.watch(
  '/storage/emulated/0/Download',
  recursive: true,
  events: [WatchEventType.create, WatchEventType.delete, WatchEventType.modify],
).listen(
  (event) => print('${event.type.name}: ${event.path} (dir: ${event.isDirectory})'),
  onError: (Object e) => print('Cannot watch: $e'), // e.g. the path does not exist
  onDone: () => print('Watched directory was deleted or moved'),
);

// later
await subscription.cancel();

• An empty events list means all events. On Android, avoid subscribing to open / access / closeNoWrite if you reload a listing on every event: reading a directory produces these events.
• On iOS, changes are detected by polling every second, so only create, modify, delete and deleteSelf are reported and a rename shows up as delete + create.
• The older startWatching() / registerWatchEventCallback() API still works and now also passes the full path of the changed entry.

Permission Management

Future<void> manageStoragePermissions() async {
  try {
    bool hasPermission = await externalStorage.checkStoragePermissions();
    if (!hasPermission) {
      bool permissionGranted = await externalStorage.requestStoragePermissions();
      if (permissionGranted) {
        print('Storage permission granted');
      } else {
        print('Storage permission denied');
      }
    }
  } on PlatformException catch (e) {
    // NO_ACTIVITY / REQUEST_IN_PROGRESS / PERMISSION_NOT_DECLARED
    print('Permission management failed: ${e.code} ${e.message}');
  }
}

If the user denies, call openAppSettings() to open the app's system settings page. On iOS both methods return true immediately.

Error Handling

• Methods that return data (readFile, getFileInfo, calculateMD5, getDirectoryInfo, …) throw a PlatformException with code OPERATION_FAILED and a message such as readFile: File does not exist or is not a file (/path).
• Methods that return bool (copyFile, deleteDirectory, …) return false on failure.
• listDirectory() returns an empty list when the path is not a readable directory.

Testing

File and directory operations use dart:io, so they work in a plain flutter test against real files (for example in Directory.systemTemp). On the host there is no storage permission model, so the permission checks return true.

getAllStorageDevices() and openAppSettings() need the native side. In a plain flutter test they throw MissingPluginException, because no native plugins are loaded on the host Dart VM.

• Unit / widget tests: mock ExternalStorage (see example/test/widget_test.dart) or set ExternalStoragePlatform.instance to a fake implementation.
• On-device tests: use integration_test, see example/integration_test/plugin_integration_test.dart:

cd example
# All files access can't be tapped through in automated tests; pre-grant it with adb
adb shell appops set --uid tech.thispage.external_storage_example MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE allow
flutter test integration_test

Advanced Features

• calculateMD5() hashes in a background isolate, so large files don't block the UI.
• getMimeType() checks the file header (magic numbers) first and the extension second, so a PNG saved as .bin is still reported as image/png.
• FileInfo.canRead / canWrite / canExecute use access(2), the same check as java.io.File.canRead(). On Android 11+ shared storage the permission bits alone are not reliable.
• PathUtils offers path helpers such as sanitizeFilename(), hasIllegalChars() (characters that FAT32 / exFAT SD cards reject) and getReadableSize().

Precautions

• On Android 11+, Android/data and Android/obb of other apps stay inaccessible even with All files access; recursive listings skip them.
• Recursive watching on Android uses one inotify watch per directory. Very large trees can reach the system limit (fs.inotify.max_user_watches).
• Cancel watch() subscriptions you no longer need, especially on iOS where watching polls.
• The deprecated FileMode enum has the same name as dart:io's FileMode. If you import both libraries and use FileMode, add hide FileMode to the external_storage import.

License

This plugin follows the MIT License. Please refer to the project license file for detailed information.

Contribution

Welcome to submit issues and pull requests through the GitHub repository to collectively improve the External Storage plugin.