LiteScope

A state class with the whole scope lifecycle behind it, and no dependency container in front of it. initState, build and setState work as usual; teardown uses onUnmount and the awaited disposeStateAsync instead of an override of dispose. There is also asynchronous initStateAsync, plus notifyDependents, close(), scopeKey and the waiting for child scopes.

This is the family for per-screen state that owns things worth releasing properly — controllers, subscriptions, a socket. Scope adds a dependency container in front of the state; AsyncScope drops the state and keeps only the lifecycle.

final class ScreenScope extends LiteScope<ScreenScope, ScreenScopeState> {
  const ScreenScope({super.key, super.scopeKey});

  @override
  Widget? buildOnWaiting(BuildContext context) => const SizedBox.shrink();

  @override
  ScreenScopeState createState() => ScreenScopeState();

  static ScreenScopeState of(BuildContext context) =>
      LiteScope.of<ScreenScope, ScreenScopeState>(context);
}

final class ScreenScopeState
    extends LiteScopeState<ScreenScope, ScreenScopeState> {
  final controller = ScrollController();

  @override
  Future<void> disposeStateAsync() async => controller.dispose();

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) =>
      ListView(controller: controller, children: const [Text('item')]);
}

The state

LiteScopeState is a State with five additions:

member	what it is
`initStateAsync()`	asynchronous initialization, started once the state exists
`onUnmount()`	synchronous teardown, always before `disposeStateAsync()`
`disposeStateAsync()`	asynchronous teardown, awaited before the scope is gone
`notifyDependents()`	rebuild the subscribed descendants, not the subtree
`close()`	run the teardown while the scope is still on screen

and three of its own properties: params — the scope widget, so its constructor parameters are readable from the state; isInitialized; and onInitialized(), the hook called once the initialization has fully completed.

State.widget is not among them, and it never will be: a scope state has no widget of its own — params is the scope widget, and that is the whole answer. Reading widget throws an UnsupportedError saying so, which is what a State mixin written for ordinary widgets runs into.

Ticker mixins need a separate owner. SingleTickerProviderStateMixin and TickerProviderStateMixin on the scope state cannot release an active AnimationController in onUnmount(): on ordinary removal Flutter unmounts descendants before ancestors, so the scope state's element runs the mixin's dispose check before the parent scope element calls onUnmount(). The result is was disposed with an active Ticker, and the analyzer does not warn about it.

Let an ordinary child State own the animation and its ticker mixin, and release the controller before super.dispose(). Return const AnimatedMark() from the scope state's build, for example; this owner works both on ordinary removal and when close() takes down the ready subtree:

class AnimatedMark extends StatefulWidget {
  const AnimatedMark({super.key});

  @override
  State<AnimatedMark> createState() => _AnimatedMarkState();
}

class _AnimatedMarkState extends State<AnimatedMark>
    with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin {
  late final AnimationController _controller;

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    _controller = AnimationController(
      vsync: this,
      duration: const Duration(seconds: 1),
    )..repeat();
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    _controller.dispose(); // Before the mixin checks for active tickers.
    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) => FadeTransition(
        opacity: _controller,
        child: const FlutterLogo(),
      );
}

The ordinary initState of a State still works and still runs synchronously, and initStateAsync is where an await belongs. disposeStateAsync is what makes a parent scope — and close() — wait for the release to finish rather than fire and forget it.

dispose is the one to be careful with. It belongs to Flutter, not to the scope, and it is not part of the teardown order below: when the scope is removed from the tree the framework calls it before the scope's own teardown even begins, and after a close() it does not run until the tree comes down — which may be much later, or never while the closing screen is on show. So the synchronous half of a scope's teardown goes in onUnmount(), which the scope itself drives:

@override
void onUnmount() {
  _subscription.cancel();   // must stop reaching this scope, now
  super.onUnmount();
}

@override
Future<void> disposeStateAsync() => _connection.close();   // may take its time

onUnmount() runs exactly once and always before disposeStateAsync(), whichever way the scope goes. The BuildContext is gone by the time it runs on a removed scope, so it may only touch what the state holds in its own fields.

Both halves run after an initStateAsync() that threw, in the same order as after one that succeeded — so a disposer has to expect a partially initialized state: a field the await never reached is still unset when it runs. A failed initialization is not one that never happened. An initializer that opened a connection and threw on the next line has opened it, and nothing else is holding it: the scope never becomes ready, so its owner is never handed the state either, and this hook is the only release there is. Release therefore belongs here rather than in front of every throw — what it must not do is assume the initializer got to the end.

Two initializations

There are two phases, and they are not the same thing.

LiteScope.initScope() on the widget is a pre-initialization: an ordinary async function taking a ScopeInitContext, exactly as in the AsyncScope topic, running before the state is created. Its default body is empty — ready at once — which is why most scopes never override it. Override it when something has to be ready before createState, and then buildOnProgress and buildOnError have to be overridden too — their default implementations throw UnimplementedError, on the reasoning that a progress branch nobody wrote is a mistake rather than a blank screen.

LiteScopeState.initStateAsync() on the state is the usual one, and it runs after the state exists — which is why nothing waits for it. The state is created by the ready branch, so by the time this can start, the ready branch has already built: the first build of the state runs before initStateAsync has finished, and so do the ones any change asks for in the meantime.

That makes isInitialized part of writing the state rather than a detail: a late field assigned after an await and read straight from build throws a LateInitializationError on that first build. Hold the branch back yourself and rebuild it from onInitialized():

final class TitleScope extends LiteScope<TitleScope, TitleScopeState> {
  final Future<String> Function() loadTitle;

  const TitleScope({super.key, required this.loadTitle});

  @override
  Widget buildOnWaiting(BuildContext context) => const SizedBox.shrink();

  @override
  TitleScopeState createState() => TitleScopeState();
}

final class TitleScopeState
    extends LiteScopeState<TitleScope, TitleScopeState> {
  late String _title;

  @override
  Future<void> initStateAsync() async => _title = await params.loadTitle();

  @override
  void onInitialized() => setState(() {});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    if (!isInitialized) {
      return const Center(child: CircularProgressIndicator.adaptive());
    }
    return Text(_title);
  }
}

Completion calls onInitialized() and notifies subscribed descendants; it does not rebuild this state's own build. The setState above schedules that rebuild, so the screen can show the loaded title. onInitialized() runs only while the state is still on the tree.

Alternatively, give the field a value it can be read with before the initialization replaces it; call setState when the state's own screen needs to show the change. Put whatever has to be ready before anything is shown into initScope() on the widget instead, which is the phase that does hold the ready branch back.

buildOnWaiting covers the gap before either of them has produced anything — the frames spent waiting for a scopeKey and for the first event. Returning null from it is allowed only when buildOnProgress is overridden, since something has to be on screen.

That is why buildOnWaiting is the one builder a LiteScope must write, which is the other way round from Scope and the asynchronous families, where buildOnProgress is the required one. The rule behind both is the same: exactly one branch before the ready one has to be written, and it is the one the family is certain to reach. A Scope always initializes a container, so it always has a progress branch and may skip the waiting one; a LiteScope initializes nothing of its own, so what it always has is the wait. Moving a screen from Scope to LiteScope therefore trades one required builder for another: buildOnProgress and buildOnError become optional — keep them only if you override initScope() — and buildOnWaiting becomes required.

wrapState wraps the ready branch alone, so a widget every branch needs is built inside each builder instead.

Access from the subtree

ScreenScope.of(context).controller;                    // the state
LiteScope.select<ScreenScope, ScreenScopeState, int>(  // one value from it
  context,
  (state) => state.itemCount,
);
LiteScope.paramsOf<ScreenScope, ScreenScopeState>(context, listen: false);
LiteScope.selectParam<ScreenScope, ScreenScopeState, Object?>(
  context,
  (widget) => widget.scopeKey,
);

of and maybeOf return the state and never subscribe — they are for calling methods. select subscribes to one value derived from the state, and the caller is rebuilt only when that value changes and only when the state called notifyDependents(). Nothing else in the state is observed: a field mutated without that call reaches nobody.

setState is the other half, and nothing here takes it away — a scope state is an ordinary State and keeps it. The two do not overlap, which is the part an analogy with StatefulWidget gets wrong: notifyDependents() rebuilds the subscribers and leaves this state's own build unrun, while setState rebuilds what this state's build returns and reaches no subscriber. A field both sides read wants both calls; a field only one side reads wants only its own.

paramsOf and selectParam do the same for the scope widget's own parameters. Re-exposing all of this as named statics on the scope, as of above, is the usual practice.

close()

await ScreenScope.of(context).close();

close() starts the teardown while the scope is still on screen, and completes when the disposal is over. The ready subtree is frozen into a screenshot, buildOnClosing is shown on top of it, and the element stays mounted until the end — which is the point: a scope that takes a noticeable time to release things shows "closing…" instead of freezing on its last frame. The disposal waits until the screenshot has replaced the live subtree and that subtree has been unmounted, so an ordinary child State can still use what the scope state owns in its own dispose.

AsyncScope, AsyncDataScope and AsyncControllerScope have the same close(), without the screenshot: their closing branch replaces the subtree outright — see close() in the AsyncScope topic. The screenshot is what this family adds, the last frame kept under buildOnClosing instead of giving way to it.

The screenshot is best-effort in a precise sense: it is installed only when the scope is actually ready and still mounted, because in any other state nothing would ever release the barrier and the future would hang. A subtree that is never painted — inside an Offstage, or in the unselected branch of an IndexedStack — cannot be captured either; after ScreenshotReplacer.maxRetries frames close() proceeds, and the ready subtree is taken away all the same, with nothing in the picture's place. It has to be: the whole point of waiting for the screenshot is to let go of what the subtree holds, and a scope left standing there keeps its own child scopes mounted and registered — this one would then wait out its waitForChildrenTimeout for a child nobody had taken away, and release what that child is still reading.

A closing build that fails does not hold the teardown up either. The barrier is released by the ScreenshotReplacer that build mounts, so a wrapState or a buildOnClosing that throws used to mean a close() that never completed and four stages that never began. Such a failure now surfaces as the ErrorWidget any failing build turns into, and the teardown behind it goes on.

The default closing overlay reads its colour from the theme above the scope, which for a scope at the root of the application — one whose wrapState builds the MaterialApp — is ThemeData.fallback(). Write buildOnClosing there, which is what a root scope wants anyway.

Calling close() twice does not restart anything: the second call joins the disposal already running rather than installing a second barrier.

The teardown, and what waits for it

The order is the one from the AsyncScope topic, with the state's own steps in it: onUnmount() of the state runs first, the pre-initialization is cancelled, the child scopes are awaited (waitForChildrenTimeout), disposeStateAsync() of the state runs, and the scopeKey is released last so that the next scope with that key starts only when this one is finished.

Flutter's own dispose() of the state sits outside that sequence, on either side of it depending on how the scope went: before all of it when the tree took the scope down, after all of it when the scope closed itself. That is the whole point of close() — release first, leave later — and it is why the teardown the scope guarantees is the onUnmount()/disposeStateAsync() pair rather than dispose().

A LiteScope is an AsyncScopeParent like every asynchronous scope: the scopes below it register with it, and it waits for them before disposing of itself. Asking for that wait from a subtree is AsyncScopeCoordinator.waitForChildren — the mixin itself sits on the element, which is private here; see the AsyncScope topic.

Where to go next

topic	what it covers
`AsyncScope`	the lifecycle in full: states, teardown order, `scopeKey`, the coordinator
`Scope`	a dependency container in front of the same state
`ScopeWidget`	what `notifyDependents` does to the subtree
`debug`	the observer that reports every step, and the timeouts

LiteScope topic