Shelf Plus

Shelf Plus is a quality of life addon for your server-side development within the Shelf platform. It's a great base to start off your apps fast, while maintaining full compatibility with the Shelf ecosystem.

import 'package:shelf_plus/shelf_plus.dart';

void main() => shelfRun(init);

Handler init() {
  var app = Router().plus;

  app.get('/', () => 'Hello World!');

  return app.call;
}

It comes with a lot of awesome features, like zero-configuration initializer, build-in hot-reload and a super powerful and intuitive router upgrade. Continue reading and get to know why you can't ever code without Shelf Plus.

Table of Contents

Router Plus

Middleware collection

Request body handling

Shelf Run

Examples

Router Plus

Router Plus is a high-level abstraction layer sitting directly on shelf_router. It shares the same routing logic but allows you to handle responses in a very simple way.

var app = Router().plus;

app.use(middleware());

app.get('/text', () => 'I am a text');

app.get(
    '/html/<name>', (Request request, String name) => '<h1>Hello $name</h1>',
    use: typeByExtension('html'));

app.get('/file', () => File('path/to/file.zip'));

app.get('/person', () => Person(name: 'John', age: 42));

The core mechanic is called ResponseHandler which continuously refines a data structure, until it resolves in a Shelf Response. This extensible system comes with support for text, json, binaries, files, json serialization and Shelf Handler.

You can access the Router Plus by calling the .plus getter on a regular Shelf Router.

var app = Router().plus;

Routes API

The API mimics the Shelf Router methods. You basically use an HTTP verb, define a route to match and specify a handler, that generates the response.

app.get('/path/to/match', () => 'a response');

You can return any type, as long the ResponseHandler mechanism has a capable resolver to handle that type.

If you need the Shelf Request object, specify it as the first parameter. Any other parameter will match the route parameters, if defined.

app.get('/minimalistic', () => 'response');

app.get('/with/request', (Request request) => 'response');

app.get('/clients/<id>', (Request request, String id) => 'response: $id');

app.get('/customer/<id>', (Request request) {
  // alternative access to route parameters
  return 'response: ${request.routeParameter('id')}';
});

Middleware

Router Plus provides several options to place your middleware (Shelf Middleware).

var app = Router().plus;

app.use(middlewareA); // apply to all routes

// apply to a single route
app.get('/request1', () => 'response', use: middlewareB);

// combine middleware with + operator
app.get('/request2', () => 'response', use: middlewareB + middlewareC);

You can also apply middleware dynamically inside a route handler, using the >> operator.

app.get('/request/<value>', (Request request, String value) {
  return middleware(value) >> 'response';
});

ResponseHandler

ResponseHandler process the return value of a route handler, until it matches a Shelf Response.

Build-in ResponseHandler

Return type Use case
String Respond with a text (text/plain)
Uint8List, Stream<List<int>> Respond with binary (application/octet-stream)
Map<String, dynamic>, List<dynamic>> Respond with JSON (application/json)
Any Type having a toJson() method Serialization support for classes
File (dart:io) Respond with file contents (using shelf_static)
WebSocketSession (shelf_plus) Create a websocket connection (using shelf_web_socket)
Handler (shelf) Processing Shelf-based Middleware or Handler

Example:

import 'dart:io';

import 'package:shelf_plus/shelf_plus.dart';

void main() => shelfRun(init);

Handler init() {
  var app = Router().plus;

  app.get('/text', () => 'a text');

  app.get('/binary', () => File('data.zip').openRead());

  app.get('/json', () => {'name': 'John', 'age': 42});

  app.get('/class', () => Person('Theo'));

  app.get('/list-of-classes', () => [Person('Theo'), Person('Bob')]);

  app.get('/iterables', () => [1, 10, 100].where((n) => n > 9));

  app.get('/handler', () => typeByExtension('html') >> '<h1>Hello</h1>');

  app.get('/file', () => File('thesis.pdf'));

  app.get(
      '/websocket',
      () => WebSocketSession(
            onOpen: (ws) => ws.send('Hello!'),
            onMessage: (ws, data) => ws.send('You sent me: $data'),
            onClose: (ws) => ws.send('Bye!'),
          ));

  return app.call;
}

class Person {
  final String name;

  Person(this.name);

  // can be generated by tools (i.e. json_serializable package)
  Map<String, dynamic> toJson() => {'name': name};
}

Custom ResponseHandler

You can add your own ResponseHandler by using a Shelf Middleware created with the .middleware getter on a ResponseHandler function.

// define custom ResponseHandler
ResponseHandler catResponseHandler = (Request request, dynamic maybeCat) =>
    maybeCat is Cat ? maybeCat.interact() : null;

// register custom ResponseHandler as middleware
app.use(catResponseHandler.middleware);

app.get('/cat', () => Cat());

class Cat {
  String interact() => 'Purrrrr!';
}

Cascading multiple routers

Router Plus is compatible to a Shelf Handler. So, you can also use it in a Shelf Cascade. This package provides a cascade() function, to quickly set up a cascade.

import 'package:shelf_plus/shelf_plus.dart';

void main() => shelfRun(init);

Handler init() {
  var app1 = Router().plus;
  var app2 = Router().plus;

  app1.get('/maybe', () => Response.notFound('no idea'));

  app2.get('/maybe', () => 'got it!');

  return cascade([app1.call, app2.call]);
}

import 'package:shelf_plus/shelf_plus.dart';

void main() => shelfRun(init);

Handler init() {
  var app1 = Router().plus;
  var app2 = Router().plus;

  app1.get('/maybe', () => Response.notFound('no idea'));

  app2.get('/maybe', () => 'got it!');

  return cascade([app1, app2]);
}

Middleware collection

This package comes with additional Shelf Middleware to simplify common tasks.

setContentType

Sets the content-type header of a Response to the specified mime-type.

app.get('/one', () => setContentType('application/json') >> '1');

app.get('/two', () => '2', use: setContentType('application/json'));

typeByExtension

Sets the content-type header of a Response to the mime-type of the specified file extension.

app.get('/', () => '<h1>Hi!</h1>', use: typeByExtension('html'));

download

Sets the content-disposition header of a Response, so browsers will download the server response instead of displaying it. Optionally you can define a specific file name.

app.get('/wallpaper/download', () => File('image.jpg'), use: download());

app.get('/invoice/<id>', (Request request, String id) {
  File document = pdfService.generateInvoice(id);
  return download(filename: 'invoice_$id.pdf') >> document;
});

app.get('/wallpaper/download', () => File('image.jpg'), use: download());

app.get('/invoice/<id>', (Request request, String id) {
  File document = pdfService.generateInvoice(id);
  return download(filename: 'invoice_$id.pdf') >> document;
});

Request body handling

Shelf Plus provides an extensible mechanism to process the HTTP body of a request. You can access it by calling the .body getter on a Shelf Request.

It comes with build-in support for text, JSON and binary.

app.post('/text', (Request request) async {
  var text = await request.body.asString;
  return 'You send me: $text';
});

app.post('/json', (Request request) async {
  var person = Person.fromJson(await request.body.asJson);
  return 'You send me: ${person.name}';
});

Object deserialization

A recommended way to deserialize a json-encoded object is to provide a reviver function, that can be generated by code generators.

var person = await request.body.as(Person.fromJson);

class Person {
  final String name;

  Person({required this.name});

  // created with tools like json_serializable package
  static Person fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) {
    return Person(name: json['name']);
  }
}

Custom accessors for model classes

You can add own accessors for model classes by creating an extension on RequestBodyAccessor.

extension PersonAccessor on RequestBodyAccessor {
  Future<Person> get asPerson async => Person.fromJson(await asJson);
}

app.post('/person', (Request request) async {
  var person = await request.body.asPerson;
  return 'You send me: ${person.name}';
});

Custom accessors for third party body parser

You can plug-in any other body parser by creating an extension on RequestBodyAccessor.

extension OtherFormatBodyParserAccessor on RequestBodyAccessor {
  Future<OtherBodyFormat> get asOtherFormat async {
    return ThirdPartyLib().process(request.read());
  }
}

extension OtherFormatBodyParserAccessor on RequestBodyAccessor {
  Future<OtherBodyFormat> get asOtherFormat async {
    return ThirdPartyLib().process(request.read());
  }
}

Shelf Run

Shelf Run is zero-configuration web-server initializer with hot-reload support.

import 'package:shelf_plus/shelf_plus.dart';

void main() => shelfRun(init);

Handler init() {
  return (Request request) => Response.ok('Hello!');
}

It's important to use a dedicated init function, returning a Shelf Handler, for hot-reload to work properly.

To enable hot-reload you need either run your app with the IDE's debug profile, or enable vm-service from the command line:

dart run --enable-vm-service my_app.dart

Custom configuration

Shelf Run uses a default configuration, that can be modified via environment variables:

Environment variable Default value Description
SHELF_PORT 8080 Port to bind the shelf application to
SHELF_ADDRESS localhost Address to bind the shelf application to
SHELF_HOTRELOAD true Enables hot-reload
SHELF_SHARED false Enables shared option for multithreading

You can override the default values with optional parameters in the shelfRun() function.

void main() => shelfRun(init, defaultBindPort: 3000);

Multithreading

Dart supports multithreading using isolates. This might increases the performance by utilizing more cores.

You can enable the shared by setting the defaultShared parameter or the SHELF_SHARED environment variable to true.

Example of an application using multiple isolates

import 'dart:isolate';
import 'package:shelf_plus/shelf_plus.dart';

void main() {
  const numberOfIsolates = 8;

  for (var i = 0; i < numberOfIsolates - 1; i++) {
    Isolate.spawn(spawnServer, null, debugName: i.toString()); // isolate 0..7
  }
  spawnServer(null); // use main isolate as the 8th isolate
}

void spawnServer(_) => shelfRun(init, defaultShared: true);

Handler init() {
  var app = Router().plus;

  app.get('/', () async {
    await Future.delayed(Duration(milliseconds: 500)); // simulate load
    return 'Hello from isolate: ${Isolate.current.debugName}';
  });

  return app.call;
}

You can test this application and compare different count of isolates:

xargs -I % -P 8 curl "http://localhost:8080" < <(printf '%s\n' {1..400})

Examples

Enable CORS

CORS can be enabled by using the shelf_cors_headers package:

import 'package:shelf_cors_headers/shelf_cors_headers.dart';
import 'package:shelf_plus/shelf_plus.dart';

void main() => shelfRun(init);

Handler init() {
  final router = Router().plus;

  router.get('/', () => {'data': 'This API is CORS enabled.'});

  return corsHeaders() >> router.call;
}

Rest Service

Implementation of a CRUD, rest-like backend service. (Full sources)

example_rest.dart

import 'dart:io';

import 'package:shelf_plus/shelf_plus.dart';

import 'person.dart';

void main() => shelfRun(init);

final data = <Person>[
  Person(firstName: 'John', lastName: 'Doe', age: 42),
  Person(firstName: 'Jane', lastName: 'Doe', age: 43),
];

Handler init() {
  var app = Router().plus;

  /// Serve index page of frontend
  app.get('/', () => File('frontend/page.html'));

  /// List all persons
  app.get('/person', () => data);

  /// Get specific person by id
  app.get('/person/<id>',
      (Request request, String id) => data.where((person) => person.id == id));

  /// Add a new person
  app.post('/person', (Request request) async {
    var newPerson = await request.body.as(Person.fromJson);
    data.add(newPerson);
    return {'ok': 'true', 'person': newPerson.toJson()};
  });

  /// Update an existing person by id
  app.put('/person/<id>', (Request request, String id) async {
    data.removeWhere((person) => person.id == id);
    var person = await request.body.as(Person.fromJson);
    person.id = id;
    data.add(person);
    return {'ok': 'true'};
  });

  /// Remove a specific person by id
  app.delete('/person/<id>', (Request request, String id) {
    data.removeWhere((person) => person.id == id);
    return {'ok': 'true'};
  });

  return app.call;
}

person.dart

import 'package:json_annotation/json_annotation.dart';
import 'package:uuid/uuid.dart';

part 'person.g.dart';

/// run 'dart run build_runner build' to update model

@JsonSerializable()
class Person {
  String? id;
  final String firstName;
  final String lastName;
  final int age;

  Person({
    String? id,
    required this.firstName,
    required this.lastName,
    required this.age,
  }) {
    this.id = id ?? Uuid().v4();
  }

  Map<String, dynamic> toJson() => _$PersonToJson(this);

  static Person fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) => _$PersonFromJson(json);
}

WebSocket chat server

Implementation of a WebSocket-based chat application. (Full sources)

example_websocket_chat.dart

import 'dart:io';

import 'package:shelf_plus/shelf_plus.dart';

void main() => shelfRun(init);

Handler init() {
  var app = Router().plus;

  // HTML-based web client
  app.get('/', () => File('public/html_client.html'));

  // Track connected clients
  var users = <WebSocketSession>[];

  // Web socket route
  app.get(
    '/ws',
    () => WebSocketSession(
      onOpen: (ws) {
        // Join chat
        users.add(ws);
        users
            .where((user) => user != ws)
            .forEach((user) => user.send('A new user joined the chat.'));
      },
      onClose: (ws) {
        // Leave chat
        users.remove(ws);
        for (var user in users) {
          user.send('A user has left.');
        }
      },
      onMessage: (ws, dynamic data) {
        // Deliver messages to all users
        for (var user in users) {
          user.send(data);
        }
      },
    ),
  );

  return app.call;
}

Libraries

shelf_plus
Shelf Plus is a quality of life addon for your server-side development within the Shelf platform.