Disabled is true for a channel the org switched off at the social edge. It is still listed — this is what the org has CONNECTED, not what it can post to — but a publish never targets it, neither by name nor as part of the "every channel" default.
Name is the account label as the org connected it — the handle a human recognises. It is never an address: a publish resolves channels by ID or by Provider and never by this.
Provider is the network behind the integration: "x", "instagram", "tiktok" and the rest of what the org connected. Naming a provider in a publish targets EVERY connected account of it, so it is the coarse handle where ID is the precise one.