The bit that's set in the child number to indicate whether this key is "hardened". Given a hardened key, it is
not possible to derive a child public key if you know only the hardened public key. With a non-hardened key this
is possible, so you can derive trees of public keys given only a public parent, but the downside is that it's
possible to leak private keys if you disclose a parent public key and a child private key (elliptic curve maths
allows you to work upwards).