JSChrome class

Available extensions
Annotations

Constructors

JSChrome()

Properties

accessibilityFeatures JSAccessibilityFeatures

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSAccessibilityFeaturesExtension extension

Use the chrome.accessibilityFeatures API to manage Chrome's accessibility features. This API relies on the ChromeSetting prototype of the type API for getting and setting individual accessibility features. In order to get feature states the extension must request accessibilityFeatures.read permission. For modifying feature state, the extension needs accessibilityFeatures.modify permission. Note that accessibilityFeatures.modify does not imply accessibilityFeatures.read permission.
no setter
accessibilityFeaturesNullable JSAccessibilityFeatures?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSAccessibilityFeaturesExtension extension

no setter
action JSAction

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSActionExtension extension

Use the chrome.action API to control the extension's icon in the Google Chrome toolbar.
no setter
actionNullable JSAction?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSActionExtension extension

no setter
alarms JSAlarms

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSAlarmsExtension extension

Use the chrome.alarms API to schedule code to run periodically or at a specified time in the future.
no setter
alarmsNullable JSAlarms?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSAlarmsExtension extension

no setter
audio JSAudio

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSAudioExtension extension

The chrome.audio API is provided to allow users to get information about and control the audio devices attached to the system. This API is currently only available in kiosk mode for ChromeOS.
no setter
audioNullable JSAudio?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSAudioExtension extension

no setter
bookmarks JSBookmarks

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSBookmarksExtension extension

Use the chrome.bookmarks API to create, organize, and otherwise manipulate bookmarks. Also see Override Pages, which you can use to create a custom Bookmark Manager page.
no setter
bookmarksNullable JSBookmarks?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSBookmarksExtension extension

no setter
browserAction JSBrowserAction

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSBrowserActionExtension extension

Use browser actions to put icons in the main Google Chrome toolbar, to the right of the address bar. In addition to its icon, a browser action can have a tooltip, a badge, and a popup.
no setter
browserActionNullable JSBrowserAction?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSBrowserActionExtension extension

no setter
browsingData JSBrowsingData

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSBrowsingDataExtension extension

Use the chrome.browsingData API to remove browsing data from a user's local profile.
no setter
browsingDataNullable JSBrowsingData?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSBrowsingDataExtension extension

no setter
certificateProvider JSCertificateProvider

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSCertificateProviderExtension extension

Use this API to expose certificates to the platform which can use these certificates for TLS authentications.
no setter
certificateProviderNullable JSCertificateProvider?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSCertificateProviderExtension extension

no setter
commands JSCommands

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSCommandsExtension extension

Use the commands API to add keyboard shortcuts that trigger actions in your extension, for example, an action to open the browser action or send a command to the extension.
no setter
commandsNullable JSCommands?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSCommandsExtension extension

no setter
contentSettings JSContentSettings

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSContentSettingsExtension extension

Use the chrome.contentSettings API to change settings that control whether websites can use features such as cookies, JavaScript, and plugins. More generally speaking, content settings allow you to customize Chrome's behavior on a per-site basis instead of globally.
no setter
contentSettingsNullable JSContentSettings?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSContentSettingsExtension extension

no setter
contextMenus JSContextMenus

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSContextMenusExtension extension

Use the chrome.contextMenus API to add items to Google Chrome's context menu. You can choose what types of objects your context menu additions apply to, such as images, hyperlinks, and pages.
no setter
contextMenusNullable JSContextMenus?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSContextMenusExtension extension

no setter
cookies JSCookies

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSCookiesExtension extension

Use the chrome.cookies API to query and modify cookies, and to be notified when they change.
no setter
cookiesNullable JSCookies?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSCookiesExtension extension

no setter
debugger JSDebugger

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSDebuggerExtension extension

The chrome.debugger API serves as an alternate transport for Chrome's remote debugging protocol. Use chrome.debugger to attach to one or more tabs to instrument network interaction, debug JavaScript, mutate the DOM and CSS, etc. Use the Debuggee tabId to target tabs with sendCommand and route events by tabId from onEvent callbacks.
no setter
debuggerNullable JSDebugger?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSDebuggerExtension extension

no setter
declarativeContent JSDeclarativeContent

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSDeclarativeContentExtension extension

Use the chrome.declarativeContent API to take actions depending on the content of a page, without requiring permission to read the page's content.
no setter
declarativeContentNullable JSDeclarativeContent?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSDeclarativeContentExtension extension

no setter
declarativeNetRequest JSDeclarativeNetRequest

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSDeclarativeNetRequestExtension extension

The chrome.declarativeNetRequest API is used to block or modify network requests by specifying declarative rules. This lets extensions modify network requests without intercepting them and viewing their content, thus providing more privacy.
no setter
declarativeNetRequestNullable JSDeclarativeNetRequest?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSDeclarativeNetRequestExtension extension

no setter
desktopCapture JSDesktopCapture

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSDesktopCaptureExtension extension

Desktop Capture API that can be used to capture content of screen, individual windows or tabs.
no setter
desktopCaptureNullable JSDesktopCapture?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSDesktopCaptureExtension extension

no setter
devtools JSChromeDevtools

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeDevtoolsExtension extension

no setter
devtoolsNullable JSChromeDevtools?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeDevtoolsExtension extension

no setter
documentScan JSDocumentScan

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSDocumentScanExtension extension

Use the chrome.documentScan API to discover and retrieve images from attached paper document scanners.
no setter
documentScanNullable JSDocumentScan?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSDocumentScanExtension extension

no setter
dom JSDom

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSDomExtension extension

Use the chrome.dom API to access special DOM APIs for Extensions
no setter
domNullable JSDom?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSDomExtension extension

no setter
downloads JSDownloads

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSDownloadsExtension extension

Use the chrome.downloads API to programmatically initiate, monitor, manipulate, and search for downloads.
no setter
downloadsNullable JSDownloads?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSDownloadsExtension extension

no setter
enterprise JSChromeEnterprise

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeEnterpriseExtension extension

no setter
enterpriseNullable JSChromeEnterprise?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeEnterpriseExtension extension

no setter
events JSEvents

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSEventsExtension extension

The chrome.events namespace contains common types used by APIs dispatching events to notify you when something interesting happens.
no setter
eventsNullable JSEvents?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSEventsExtension extension

no setter
extension JSExtension

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSExtensionExtension extension

The chrome.extension API has utilities that can be used by any extension page. It includes support for exchanging messages between an extension and its content scripts or between extensions, as described in detail in Message Passing.
no setter
extensionNullable JSExtension?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSExtensionExtension extension

no setter
extensionTypes JSExtensionTypes

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSExtensionTypesExtension extension

The chrome.extensionTypes API contains type declarations for Chrome extensions.
no setter
extensionTypesNullable JSExtensionTypes?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSExtensionTypesExtension extension

no setter
fileBrowserHandler JSFileBrowserHandler

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSFileBrowserHandlerExtension extension

Use the chrome.fileBrowserHandler API to extend the Chrome OS file browser. For example, you can use this API to enable users to upload files to your website.
no setter
fileBrowserHandlerNullable JSFileBrowserHandler?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSFileBrowserHandlerExtension extension

no setter
fileSystemProvider JSFileSystemProvider

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSFileSystemProviderExtension extension

Use the chrome.fileSystemProvider API to create file systems, that can be accessible from the file manager on Chrome OS.
no setter
fileSystemProviderNullable JSFileSystemProvider?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSFileSystemProviderExtension extension

no setter
fontSettings JSFontSettings

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSFontSettingsExtension extension

Use the chrome.fontSettings API to manage Chrome's font settings.
no setter
fontSettingsNullable JSFontSettings?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSFontSettingsExtension extension

no setter
gcm JSGcm

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSGcmExtension extension

Use chrome.gcm to enable apps and extensions to send and receive messages through Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM).
no setter
gcmNullable JSGcm?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSGcmExtension extension

no setter
hashCode int
The hash code for this object.
no setterinherited
history JSHistory

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSHistoryExtension extension

Use the chrome.history API to interact with the browser's record of visited pages. You can add, remove, and query for URLs in the browser's history. To override the history page with your own version, see Override Pages.
no setter
historyNullable JSHistory?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSHistoryExtension extension

no setter
i18n JSI18n

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSI18nExtension extension

Use the chrome.i18n infrastructure to implement internationalization across your whole app or extension.
no setter
i18nNullable JSI18n?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSI18nExtension extension

no setter
identity JSIdentity

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSIdentityExtension extension

Use the chrome.identity API to get OAuth2 access tokens.
no setter
identityNullable JSIdentity?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSIdentityExtension extension

no setter
idle JSIdle

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSIdleExtension extension

Use the chrome.idle API to detect when the machine's idle state changes.
no setter
idleNullable JSIdle?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSIdleExtension extension

no setter
input JSChromeInput

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeInputExtension extension

no setter
inputNullable JSChromeInput?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeInputExtension extension

no setter
instanceId JSInstanceId

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSInstanceIdExtension extension

Use chrome.instanceID to access the Instance ID service.
no setter
instanceIdNullable JSInstanceId?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSInstanceIdExtension extension

no setter
loginState JSLoginState

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSLoginStateExtension extension

Use the chrome.loginState API to read and monitor the login state.
no setter
loginStateNullable JSLoginState?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSLoginStateExtension extension

no setter
management JSManagement

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSManagementExtension extension

The chrome.management API provides ways to manage the list of extensions/apps that are installed and running. It is particularly useful for extensions that override the built-in New Tab page.
no setter
managementNullable JSManagement?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSManagementExtension extension

no setter
notifications JSNotifications

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSNotificationsExtension extension

Use the chrome.notifications API to create rich notifications using templates and show these notifications to users in the system tray.
no setter
notificationsNullable JSNotifications?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSNotificationsExtension extension

no setter
offscreen JSOffscreen

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSOffscreenExtension extension

Use the offscreen API to create and manage offscreen documents.
no setter
offscreenNullable JSOffscreen?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSOffscreenExtension extension

no setter
omnibox JSOmnibox

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSOmniboxExtension extension

The omnibox API allows you to register a keyword with Google Chrome's address bar, which is also known as the omnibox.
no setter
omniboxNullable JSOmnibox?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSOmniboxExtension extension

no setter
pageAction JSPageAction

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSPageActionExtension extension

Use the chrome.pageAction API to put icons in the main Google Chrome toolbar, to the right of the address bar. Page actions represent actions that can be taken on the current page, but that aren't applicable to all pages. Page actions appear grayed out when inactive.
no setter
pageActionNullable JSPageAction?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSPageActionExtension extension

no setter
pageCapture JSPageCapture

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSPageCaptureExtension extension

Use the chrome.pageCapture API to save a tab as MHTML.
no setter
pageCaptureNullable JSPageCapture?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSPageCaptureExtension extension

no setter
permissions JSPermissions

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSPermissionsExtension extension

Use the chrome.permissions API to request declared optional permissions at run time rather than install time, so users understand why the permissions are needed and grant only those that are necessary.
no setter
permissionsNullable JSPermissions?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSPermissionsExtension extension

no setter
platformKeys JSPlatformKeys

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSPlatformKeysExtension extension

Use the chrome.platformKeys API to access client certificates managed by the platform. If the user or policy grants the permission, an extension can use such a certficate in its custom authentication protocol. E.g. this allows usage of platform managed certificates in third party VPNs (see $(ref:vpnProvider chrome.vpnProvider)).
no setter
platformKeysNullable JSPlatformKeys?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSPlatformKeysExtension extension

no setter
power JSPower

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSPowerExtension extension

Use the chrome.power API to override the system's power management features.
no setter
powerNullable JSPower?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSPowerExtension extension

no setter
printerProvider JSPrinterProvider

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSPrinterProviderExtension extension

The chrome.printerProvider API exposes events used by print manager to query printers controlled by extensions, to query their capabilities and to submit print jobs to these printers.
no setter
printerProviderNullable JSPrinterProvider?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSPrinterProviderExtension extension

no setter
printing JSPrinting

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSPrintingExtension extension

Use the chrome.printing API to send print jobs to printers installed on Chromebook.
no setter
printingMetrics JSPrintingMetrics

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSPrintingMetricsExtension extension

Use the chrome.printingMetrics API to fetch data about printing usage.
no setter
printingMetricsNullable JSPrintingMetrics?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSPrintingMetricsExtension extension

no setter
printingNullable JSPrinting?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSPrintingExtension extension

no setter
privacy JSPrivacy

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSPrivacyExtension extension

Use the chrome.privacy API to control usage of the features in Chrome that can affect a user's privacy. This API relies on the ChromeSetting prototype of the type API for getting and setting Chrome's configuration.
no setter
privacyNullable JSPrivacy?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSPrivacyExtension extension

no setter
processes JSProcesses

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSProcessesExtension extension

Use the chrome.processes API to interact with the browser's processes.
no setter
processesNullable JSProcesses?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSProcessesExtension extension

no setter
proxy JSProxy

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSProxyExtension extension

Use the chrome.proxy API to manage Chrome's proxy settings. This API relies on the ChromeSetting prototype of the type API for getting and setting the proxy configuration.
no setter
proxyNullable JSProxy?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSProxyExtension extension

no setter
runtime JSRuntime

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSRuntimeExtension extension

Use the chrome.runtime API to retrieve the service worker, return details about the manifest, and listen for and respond to events in the app or extension lifecycle. You can also use this API to convert the relative path of URLs to fully-qualified URLs.
no setter
runtimeNullable JSRuntime?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSRuntimeExtension extension

no setter
runtimeType Type
A representation of the runtime type of the object.
no setterinherited
scripting JSScripting

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSScriptingExtension extension

Use the chrome.scripting API to execute script in different contexts.
no setter
scriptingNullable JSScripting?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSScriptingExtension extension

no setter

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSSearchExtension extension

Use the chrome.search API to search via the default provider.
no setter
searchNullable JSSearch?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSSearchExtension extension

no setter
sessions JSSessions

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSSessionsExtension extension

Use the chrome.sessions API to query and restore tabs and windows from a browsing session.
no setter
sessionsNullable JSSessions?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSSessionsExtension extension

no setter
sidePanel JSSidePanel

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSSidePanelExtension extension

Use the chrome.sidePanel API to host content in the browser's side panel alongside the main content of a webpage.
no setter
sidePanelNullable JSSidePanel?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSSidePanelExtension extension

no setter
storage JSStorage

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSStorageExtension extension

Use the chrome.storage API to store, retrieve, and track changes to user data.
no setter
storageNullable JSStorage?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSStorageExtension extension

no setter
system JSChromeSystem

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeSystemExtension extension

no setter
systemNullable JSChromeSystem?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeSystemExtension extension

no setter
tabCapture JSTabCapture

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSTabCaptureExtension extension

Use the chrome.tabCapture API to interact with tab media streams.
no setter
tabCaptureNullable JSTabCapture?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSTabCaptureExtension extension

no setter
tabGroups JSTabGroups

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSTabGroupsExtension extension

Use the chrome.tabGroups API to interact with the browser's tab grouping system. You can use this API to modify and rearrange tab groups in the browser. To group and ungroup tabs, or to query what tabs are in groups, use the chrome.tabs API.
no setter
tabGroupsNullable JSTabGroups?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSTabGroupsExtension extension

no setter
tabs JSTabs

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSTabsExtension extension

Use the chrome.tabs API to interact with the browser's tab system. You can use this API to create, modify, and rearrange tabs in the browser.
no setter
tabsNullable JSTabs?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSTabsExtension extension

no setter
topSites JSTopSites

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSTopSitesExtension extension

Use the chrome.topSites API to access the top sites (i.e. most visited sites) that are displayed on the new tab page. These do not include shortcuts customized by the user.
no setter
topSitesNullable JSTopSites?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSTopSitesExtension extension

no setter
tts JSTts

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSTtsExtension extension

Use the chrome.tts API to play synthesized text-to-speech (TTS). See also the related ttsEngine API, which allows an extension to implement a speech engine.
no setter
ttsEngine JSTtsEngine

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSTtsEngineExtension extension

Use the chrome.ttsEngine API to implement a text-to-speech(TTS) engine using an extension. If your extension registers using this API, it will receive events containing an utterance to be spoken and other parameters when any extension or Chrome App uses the tts API to generate speech. Your extension can then use any available web technology to synthesize and output the speech, and send events back to the calling function to report the status.
no setter
ttsEngineNullable JSTtsEngine?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSTtsEngineExtension extension

no setter
ttsNullable JSTts?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSTtsExtension extension

no setter
types JSTypes

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSTypesExtension extension

The chrome.types API contains type declarations for Chrome.
no setter
typesNullable JSTypes?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSTypesExtension extension

no setter
usb JSUsb

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSUsbExtension extension

Use the chrome.usb API to interact with connected USB devices. This API provides access to USB operations from within the context of an app. Using this API, apps can function as drivers for hardware devices.
no setter
usbNullable JSUsb?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSUsbExtension extension

no setter
vpnProvider JSVpnProvider

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSVpnProviderExtension extension

Use the chrome.vpnProvider API to implement a VPN client.
no setter
vpnProviderNullable JSVpnProvider?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSVpnProviderExtension extension

no setter
wallpaper JSWallpaper

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSWallpaperExtension extension

Use the chrome.wallpaper API to change the ChromeOS wallpaper.
no setter
wallpaperNullable JSWallpaper?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSWallpaperExtension extension

no setter
webAuthenticationProxy JSWebAuthenticationProxy

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSWebAuthenticationProxyExtension extension

The chrome.webAuthenticationProxy API lets remote desktop software running on a remote host intercept Web Authentication API (WebAuthn) requests in order to handle them on a local client.
no setter
webAuthenticationProxyNullable JSWebAuthenticationProxy?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSWebAuthenticationProxyExtension extension

no setter
webNavigation JSWebNavigation

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSWebNavigationExtension extension

Use the chrome.webNavigation API to receive notifications about the status of navigation requests in-flight.
no setter
webNavigationNullable JSWebNavigation?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSWebNavigationExtension extension

no setter
webRequest JSWebRequest

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSWebRequestExtension extension

Use the chrome.webRequest API to observe and analyze traffic and to intercept, block, or modify requests in-flight.
no setter
webRequestNullable JSWebRequest?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSWebRequestExtension extension

no setter
windows JSWindows

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSWindowsExtension extension

Use the chrome.windows API to interact with browser windows. You can use this API to create, modify, and rearrange windows in the browser.
no setter
windowsNullable JSWindows?

Available on JSChrome, provided by the JSChromeJSWindowsExtension extension

no setter

Methods

noSuchMethod(Invocation invocation) → dynamic
Invoked when a nonexistent method or property is accessed.
inherited
toString() String
A string representation of this object.
inherited

Operators

operator ==(Object other) bool
The equality operator.
inherited