Latitude and Longitude to OS Grid Reference translator (and vice versa)

This package turns given latitude and longitude coordinates into an 12 digit OS Grid Reference and vice versa. The coordinates may be given in decimal format or degrees, minutes and seconds.

Getting started

Add this to your app's pubspec.yaml file:

dependencies:
    latlong_to_osgrid: ^1.3.3

Usage

Simply import the package as below and you can get going.

import 'package:latlong_to_osgrid/latlong_to_osgrid.dart';

class YourClass {

    //you can use the built in converter if you don't want to deal with OSRef and LatLong objects
    //see below for more examples using the converter
    void usingConverter() {
        LatLongConverter converter = new LatLongConverter();
        OSRef result = converter.getOSGBFromDec(53.9623, -1.0819);
        print("${result.numericalRef}"); //will output the easting and northing (460334 452192)
        print("${result.letterRef}"); //will output the letter pair reference (SE 60334 52192)
    }

    //or you can use OSRef and LatLong objects themselves for conversion
    void usingObjects() {
        LatLong latL = new LatLong(53.9623, -1.0819, 0, Datums.WGS84);
        OSRef osReference = latL.toOsGrid();
        print("${osReference.numericalRef}"); //will output the easting and northing as above
        print("${osReference.letterRef}"); //will output the letter pair reference as above
    }

}

Getting OS Grid from Lat and Long

The following functions return an OSRef object which has the attributes easting and northing.

Using decimal Lat and Long

Using the LatLongConverter object, call the getOSGBfromDec() function with the decimal Lat and Long values. Unless told otherwise, the package takes these Lat and Long coordinates as being in the WGS84 datum (see below for custom datums)

import 'package:latlong_to_osgrid/latlong_to_osgrid.dart';

class YourClass {

    LatLongConverter converter = new LatLongConverter();

    void yourFunction(double lat, double long) {
        OSRef result = converter.getOSGBfromDec(lat, long);
        print("${result.easting} ${result.northing}");
    }

    //you can also define your own latitude and longitude object
    void yourOtherFunction(LatLong ll) {
        OSRef result = converter.getOSGBfromDec(ll.lat, ll.long);
        print("${result.easting} ${result.northing}");
    }

}

Using degrees, minutes and seconds Lat and Long

Using the LatLongConverter object, call the getOSGBfromDms() function with the degrees, minutes and seconds values of the Lat and Long. If needs be, you can also call the getDegreeFromDecimal() function to convert from decimal lat or long to degree - the function returns a 3 element array where the degree value is the 1st element, minutes are the 2nd and seconds are the 3rd.

import 'package:latlong_to_osgrid/latlong_to_osgrid.dart';

class YourClass {

    LatLongConverter converter = new LatLongConverter();

    void yourFunction(var latDeg, var latMin, var latSec, var longDeg, var longMin, var longSec) {
        OSRef result = converter.getOSGBfromDms(latDeg, latMin, latSec, longDeg, longMin, longSec);
        print("${result.easting} ${result.northing}");
    }

}

Getting Lat and Long from OS Grid

The following function returns a LatLong object which has the lat, long, height, and datum attributes. The latitude and longitude that result from this function are returned in decimal form. (See below to translate into degrees, minutes and seconds). Using the LatLongConverter object, call the getLatLongFromOSGB() function with the easting and northing values of the OS Grid Reference. It is possible to provide an OS Grid Reference in letter pair format (e.g. TG 51409 13177) rather than giving a separate easting and northing. To do this you can call the getLatLongFromOSGBLetterRef() function of the converter. If you are creating an OSRef object yourself, you can create it with either an easting and northing or a letter pair reference. Whichever you use, the other is generated upon creation and can be accessed via the numericalRef and letterRef attributes of the OSRef object.

import 'package:latlong_to_osgrid/latlong_to_osgrid.dart';

class YourClass {

    LatLongConverter converter = new LatLongConverter();

    void yourFunction(int easting, int northing) {
        LatLong result = converter.getLatLongFromOSGB(easting, northing);
        print("${result.lat} ${result.long}");
    }

    void yourFunctionOne(String letterRef) {
        LatLong result = converter.getLatLongFromOSGBLetterRef(letterRef);
        print("${result.lat} ${result.long}");
    }

    //you can also define your own OSRef object
    void yourOtherFunction(OSRef os) {
        LatLong result = converter.getLatLongFromOSGB(os.easting, os.northing);
        print("${result.lat} ${result.long}");
    }

    void yourOtherFunctionOne(OSRef os) {
        LatLong result = converter.getLatLongFromOSGBLetterRef(os.letterRef);
        print("${result.lat} ${result.long}");
    }

}

Specifying a custom datum

By default, the Lat and Long values are taken as though they are in the WGS84 datum. This is the most widely used datum and is used by GPS devices. If, for any reason, you would like to give or receive your Lat and Long coordinates in a different datum, you can import the Datums.dart file and give the required datum to the converter as below.

import 'package:latlong_to_osgrid/latlong_to_osgrid.dart';
import 'package:latlong_to_osgrid/maths/Datums.dart';

class YourClass {

    LatLongConverter converter = new LatLongConverter();

    void yourFunction(double lat, double long) {
        OSRef result = converter.getOSGBfromDec(lat, long, Datums.NAD27);
        print("${result.easting} ${result.northing}");
    }

}

The list of datums supported by this package are as follows:

* OSGB36
* WGS84
* ED50
* ETRS89
* Irl1975
* NAD27
* NAD83
* NTF
* Potsdam
* TokyoJapan
* WGS72

Switching between decimal and dms Lat and Long

As mentioned above, it is possible to use the LatLongConverter to change latitude and longitude values from decimal to degrees, minutes and seconds and vice versa. This is done via the getDegreeFromDecimal() and getDecimalFromDegree() functions in the LatLongConverter object. Examples are given below.

import 'package:latlong_to_osgrid/latlong_to_osgrid.dart';

class YourClass {

    LatLongConverter converter = new LatLongConverter();

    void DecimalToDmsExample(double lat, double long) {
        var latDms = converter.getDegreeFromDecimal(lat);
        var longDms = converter.getDegreeFromDecimal(long);
        print("${latDms[0]}° ${latDms[1]}' ${latDms[2]}\"");
        print("${longDms[0]}° ${longDms[1]}' ${longDms[2]}\"");
    }

    void DmsToDecimalExample(var latDeg, var latMin, var latSec, var longDeg, var longMin, var longSec) {
        double latDec = converter.getDecimalFromDegree(latDeg, latMin, latSec);
        double longDec = converter.getDecimalFromDegree(longDeg, longMin, longSec);
        print("$latDec $longDec");
    }

}

Converting to JSON

Both the LatLong and OSRef objects have a toJson() function that allows them to be converted to JSON objects for easier storage. They also both have fromJson() constructors which allows you to use a JSON object with the specified attributes to create them. LatLong JSON objects contain the following attributes: latitude, longitude, height, and datum. OSRef JSON objects contain the following attributes: easting, northing, numericalRef, letterRef and datum.

The maths

First of all I would like to give a big thanks to Movable Type Scripts, whilst I had a slight understanding of the maths behind the conversion they have an open source JavaScript library on their website (https://www.movable-type.co.uk/scripts/latlong-os-gridref.html) that allowed me to translate the maths into dart and made this app possible. This readme won't go into the details of any mathematic algorithms, but will point to the dart file in the project where it is stored

The main thing I learned from their website that I wasn't aware of was that there is different types of latitude and longitude that use different datums. Each datum has an ellipsoid that it uses that is used for converting to cartesian coordinates. The Ordnance Survey Grid uses latitude and longitude coordinates of the OSGB36 datum which has been deprecated since 2014. Since the OS Grid is still based off the OSGB36 datum, in order to translate WGS84 latitude and longitudes to Grid References, they must first be transformed into OSGB36 latitude and longitudes. The OSGB36 datum uses the Airy 1830 ellipsoid, whilst the WGS84 datum uses the WGS84 ellipsoid.

Translating coordinates between datums

The coordinates are converted between datums in a three step process, one of which uses what is known as a "Helmert transformation"

The starting datum coordinates are converted into geocentric cartesian coordinates with an x y z. This is done using the ellipsoid parameters for the datum. (see toCartesian() in LatLongEllipsodialDatum and LatLongEllipsodial)
The resulting cartesian coordinates are put through a 7-parameter Helmert transformation which applies a 3-dimensional shift and rotation as well as a scale factor to give a new cartesian. (see applyTransform() in Cartesian)
The parameters for the Helmert transformation are given by the datum you're converting to's transform parameters (see Datums)
The new cartesian is then converted back to latitude and longitude coordinates using the datum you're converting to's ellipsoid parameters. These new latitude and longitudes will be in the destination datum.

Translating OSGB36 lat and long to OS Grid Reference

The Latitude and Longitude object contains the function toOsGrid() which converts it's latitude and longitude coordinates to the OSGB36 datum as above, and then runs them through an algorithm to calculate an easting and northing reference. Please see the function toOsGrid() for the full maths.

Translating OS Grid Reference to OSGB36

The Ordnance Survey Reference object contains the function toLatLon() which by converts it's given easting and northing (specified on initialisation) into OSGB36 lat and long then converts them by default to WGS84 coordinates. If you're going to use the library in any projects and want to convert OS Grid References to another datum for any reason, you can specify this as a parameter when you call the toLatLon function (no parameter means it'll return WGS84) All datums are available through the Datums file, simply import that and pass the datums object that you want to convert the reference to (e.g. Datums.WGS84) Please see the function toLatLong() for the full maths.