jugger.dart - Dependency Injection for Flutter and Dart

Compile-time dependency injection for Dart and Flutter. Inspired by inject.dart and Dagger 2.

Jugger's feature is that it generates boilerplate code. You just need to provide dependencies and how they will be used in graph.

jugger:

jugger_generator:

Index

• Index
• How to use
  • Install
  • Run the generator
• The features
  • The syntax
    • Basics
    • Component
    • Component builder
    • Component as dependency
    • Module
    • Included modules
    • Provide method
    • Bind method
    • Singleton
    • Inject
    • Injected constructor
    • Injected method
    • Qualifiers
  • build.yaml
  • remove_interface_prefix_from_component_name
  • check_unused_providers
• Links

How to use

Install

To use this plugin, add jugger and jugger_generator as a dependency in your pubspec.yaml file.

dependencies:
  jugger: any

dev_dependencies:
  build_runner: any
  jugger_generator: any

Run the generator

To run the code generator you have two possibilities:

• If your package depends on Flutter:
  • flutter pub run build_runner build
• If your package does not depend on Flutter:
  • dart pub run build_runner build

The features

The syntax

Basics

The following example shows how to use jugger:

// ignore_for_file: avoid_classes_with_only_static_members

import 'package:example/main.jugger.dart';
import 'package:jugger/jugger.dart';

void main() {
  final MyComponent myComponent = JuggerMyComponent.create();
  print(myComponent.getString());
}

@Component(
  modules: <Type>[MyModule],
)
abstract class MyComponent {
  String getString();
}

@module
abstract class MyModule {
  @provides
  static String provideSting() => 'hello!';
}

Component

Component are connecting links between Modules and dependants. When we need some object we ask the Component. The Component knows which module can create the needed object and return it to the dependant.

A component can have modules and other components that it requests dependencies on:

@Component(
  modules: <Type>[...],
  dependencies: <Type>[...]
)

Component builder

The component may need external objects to use for the dependency graph. To do this, you need to use a component builder. Declare an abstract class annotated with the @componentBuilder annotation. It must contain a requered build() method with a return type of the component. For each external dependency, you need to declare a method with a builder return type and which contains a single parameter.

// ignore_for_file: avoid_classes_with_only_static_members

import 'package:example/main.jugger.dart';
import 'package:jugger/jugger.dart';

void main() {
  final MyComponent myComponent =
      JuggerMyComponentBuilder().helloString('hello').build();

  print(myComponent.getString());
}

@Component()
abstract class MyComponent {
  String getString();
}

@componentBuilder
abstract class MyComponentBuilder {
  MyComponentBuilder helloString(String s);

  MyComponent build();
}

Dependencies provided by the builder are used in the dependency graph to construct other dependencies.

...
@componentBuilder
abstract class MyComponentBuilder {
  MyComponentBuilder setDouble(double d);

  MyComponent build();
}

@module
abstract class MyModule {
  @provides
  @singleton
  static int provideInteger() => 0;

  @provides
  static String provideSting(
    int i, // used from this module
    double d, // user from component builder
  ) =>
      '$i, $d';
}

Component as dependency

A component can depend on other components in order to use its returned objects as dependencies.

// ignore_for_file: avoid_classes_with_only_static_members

import 'package:example/main.jugger.dart';
import 'package:jugger/jugger.dart';

void main() {
  // creates the first component
  final FirstComponent firstComponent = JuggerFirstComponent.create();

  final SecondComponent secondComponent = JuggerSecondComponentBuilder()
      // passing an instance of the first component
      .setFirstComponent(firstComponent)
      .build();

  print(secondComponent.getString());
}

@Component(
  modules: <Type>[FirstModule],
)
abstract class FirstComponent {
  // important! in order for the second component to use it to build objects,
  // you need to add a method that returns it.
  int getInt();
}

@module
abstract class FirstModule {
  @provides
  @singleton
  static int provideInteger() => 0;
}

@Component(
  // specify that use the first component as a dependency
  dependencies: <Type>[FirstComponent],
  modules: <Type>[SecondModule],
)
abstract class SecondComponent {
  String getString();
}

// Component builder is required if you use the component as a dependency.
@componentBuilder
abstract class SecondComponentBuilder {
  // set the first component
  SecondComponentBuilder setFirstComponent(FirstComponent component);

  SecondComponent build();
}

@module
abstract class SecondModule {
  @provides
  @singleton
  static double provideDouble() => 0.0;

  @provides
  static String provideSting(
    int i, // used from first component
    double d, // used from this module
  ) =>
      '$i, $d';
}

Module

Module are a simple class which contain logic for creating objects. Modules only contain methods which provide dependency. Generally, each Module includes objects which relate to some part of the application’s logic.

@module
abstract class <ModuleName> {
  ...
  provide and binds methods
  ...
}

Module must be abstract and contains only static or abstact methods.

Included modules

Additional modules contributions of the modules in includes, and of their inclusions recursively, are all contributed to the object graph.

@Module(includes: <Type>[Module2, Module3])
abstract class Module1 {
...

Provide method

Method annotated with the @provides annotation return instances of classes that which are used in the dependency graph.

@provides
static String provideSting() => 'hello';

A method can contain parameters that construct the object it returns. "dependencies" must also be provided in the same or another module.

@provides
static int provideInteger() => 0;

@provides
static double provideDouble() => 0.0;
  
@provides
static String provideSting(int i, double d) => '$i, $d';

Bind method

A @binds method is the same as @provides, but it binds the interface to the implementation. The method must be abstract and have one parameter that implements the return type.

abstract class MyInterface { }

class MyImplementation implements MyInterface {
  @inject
  const MyImplementation();
}

@module
abstract class MyModule {
  @binds
  MyInterface provideMyClass(MyImplementation impl);
}

Singleton

This annotation is used to indicate only a single instance of dependency object is created. NOTE: this scope is applied for each module separately!

Can be applied to methods in a module and to a class constructor.

@provides
@singleton // Tell the graph that there can be only single instance.
static int provideInteger() => 0;

@singleton // Will be used if there is no provider for this class.
class MyClass {
  @inject
  const MyClass();
}

Inject

The annotation told the jugger whether the annotated would be used when building the graph.

Injected constructor

The annotation told the jugger whether the given class would be used when building the graph.

class MyClass {
  @inject
  const MyClass();
}

For such a class, you can not declare a provider method in the module, the jugger will understand this and generate it himself.

// ignore_for_file: avoid_classes_with_only_static_members

import 'package:example/main.jugger.dart';
import 'package:jugger/jugger.dart';

void main() {
  final MyComponent firstComponent = JuggerMyComponent.create();
  print(firstComponent.getStringProvider().getString());
}

@Component(
  modules: <Type>[MyModule],
)
abstract class MyComponent {
  StringProvider getStringProvider();
}

@module
abstract class MyModule {
  @provides
  static int provideInteger() => 0;

  @provides
  static double provideDouble() => 0.0;
}

class StringProvider {
  // inject the constructor, the jugger itself creates a provider for this class
  @inject
  // will use dependencies from the module in which it is used
  const StringProvider(this.d, this.i);

  final int i;
  final double d;

  String getString() => '$i, $d';
}

Injected method

The method can also be injected. it will be called when the jugger creates an instance of the class.

// ignore_for_file: avoid_classes_with_only_static_members

import 'package:example/main.jugger.dart';
import 'package:jugger/jugger.dart';

void main() {
  final MyComponent firstComponent = JuggerMyComponent.create();
  print(firstComponent.getStringProvider().getString());
}

@Component(
  modules: <Type>[MyModule],
)
abstract class MyComponent {
  StringProvider getStringProvider();
}

@module
abstract class MyModule {
  @provides
  static int provideInteger() => 0;

  @provides
  static double provideDouble() => 0.0;
}

class StringProvider {
  @inject
  StringProvider(this.d);

  final double d;

  String? _s;

  // inject the method
  @inject
  // will use dependencies from the module in which it is used
  void init(int i) {
    _s = '$i, $d';
  }

  String getString() => _s ?? '';
}

Qualifiers

@Qualifier annotation is used to distinguish between objects of the same type but with different instances. Example of Named qulifier:

@module
abstract class AppModule {
  @provides
  @Named('dev')
  static AppConfig provideDevAppConfig() {
    return const AppConfig('https://dev.com/');
  }

  @provides
  @Named('release')
  static AppConfig provideReleaseAppConfig() {
    return const AppConfig('https://dev.com/');
  }

  @provides
  @singleton
  static AppConfig provideAppConfig(
    AppEnvironment environment,
    @Named('dev') AppConfig dev,
    @Named('release') AppConfig release,
  ) {
    switch (environment) {
      case AppEnvironment.dev:
        return dev;
      case AppEnvironment.release:
        return release;
    }
  }
}

You can also declare a custom qualifier:

@qualifier
class Release {
  const Release();
}

const Release release = Release();

@qualifier
class Dev {
  const Dev();
}

const Dev dev = Dev();

And use as:

@provides
@dev
static AppConfig provideDevAppConfig() {
  return const AppConfig('https://dev.com/');
}

build.yaml

targets:
  $default:
    builders:
      jugger_generator:
        options:
          remove_interface_prefix_from_component_name: true
          check_unused_providers: true
          generated_file_line_length: 80

remove_interface_prefix_from_component_name

If your components have a prefix in the name, then when creating the jagger class, it will be removed. By default it is turned on.

  final IMyComponent myComponent = JuggerMyComponent.create();

instead:

  final IMyComponent myComponent = JuggerIMyComponent.create();

check_unused_providers:

If there are classes in the graph that are not used, the generation will fall. By default it is turned on.

generated_file_line_length:

The number of characters allowed in a single line of generated file. Default value is 80.

Links

Telegram chat: https://t.me/jugger_chat