polarTriangleArea static method
Returns the signed area of a triangle which has North Pole as a vertex. Formula derived from 'Area of a spherical triangle given two edges and the included angle' as per 'Spherical Trigonometry' by Todhunter, page 71, section 103, point 2.
See http://books.google.com/books?id=3uBHAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA71
The arguments named 'tan' are tan((pi/2 - x)/2).
Implementation
static num polarTriangleArea(num tan1, num lng1, num tan2, num lng2) {
num deltaLng = lng1 - lng2;
num t = tan1 * tan2;
return 2 * atan2(t * sin(deltaLng), 1 + t * cos(deltaLng));
}