Binary

Utilities for accessing binary data and bit manipulation in Dart.

Important

Version 4.0.0 has a large set of breaking changes, including removing the vast majority of extension methods and boxed classes, in favor of using the newer extension types feature in Dart. I would be opening to adding back some deprecated methods, or a lib/compat.dart file if there is demand; please file an issue if you need this.

Getting started

dart pub add binary

Then, import the package and start using it:

import 'package:binary/binary.dart';

If you are not familiar with extension methods and extension types, it is worth reading the documentation before using this package, which has heavy use of extensions for most functionality. A small primer is instead of writing something like:

void main() {
  // Old API in version <= 0.1.3:
  print(toBinaryPadded(0x0C, 8)); // 00001100

  // Old API in version < 4.0.0:
  print(0x0C.toBinaryPadded(8)); // 00001100
}

You now use toBinaryString (and other methods) on an extension type:

void main() {
  // New API.
  print(Uint8(0x0C).toBinaryString()); // 00001100
}

Notice that the width is no longer required, as the type itself knows its width.

Usage

This package provides a few sets of APIs extension types and methods.

Most users will use one of the fixed-width integer types, such as Uint8:

// Parse and reprsent a binary integer:
final rawInt = int.parse('0111' '1111', radix: 2);
final fixInt = Uint8(rawInt);
print(fixInt); // 127

// Works identically to the >>> operator in JavaScript:
final shifted = fixInt.signedRightShift(5);
print(shifted.toBinaryString()); // 00000011

Overflows

Fixed with integers do not overflow unexpectedly, unlike the core Dart types.

By default, any operation that can overflow throws an assertion error in debug mode, and wraps around in release mode. For example:

// An error in debug mode, or 0 in release mode.
Uint8(255) + Uint8(1);

To disable assertions, and always wrap, even in debug mode:

debugCheckFixedWithInRange = false;

Finer-grained control is available by using variants of the operators that explicitly handle overflow:

// Returns null if the operation would overflow.
Uint8(255).tryAdd(Uint8(1));

// Wraps around if the operation would overflow.
Uint8(255).wrappedAdd(Uint8(1));

// Clamps the result to the min/max value if the operation would overflow.
Uint8(255).clampedAdd(Uint8(1));

An additional variant, uncheckedAdd, is available for when you are certain that overflow is not possible, and want to avoid the overhead of checking:

// Asserts in debug mode, no overhead in release mode, but can overflow!

// OK, this will definitely not overflow.
Uint8(1).uncheckedAdd(Uint8(3));

// DANGEROUS: This will overflow, but it won't be checked in release mode!
Uint8(255).uncheckedAdd(Uint8(1));

Compatibility

This package is intended to work identically and well in:

The Dart VM, in both JIT and AOT modes.
Flutter, in both JIT and AOT modes.
The web, in both DDC, Dart2JS modes and compiled to WASM.

As a result, there are no built-in ways to access integers > 32-bit provided (as JS integers are limited).

Feel free to file an issue if you'd like limited support for 64 and 128-bit integers.

Contributing

To run the tests, run:

dart test

Or, to run a comprehensive set of tests on all supported platforms, run:

dart test -P all

To check code coverage locally, run:

./chore coverage

To preview dartdoc output locally, run:

./chore dartdoc