web_ffi

web_ffi is a drop-in solution for using dart:ffi on the web. This enables you to work with WebAssembly more easily and convenient.

The general idea is to expose an API that is compatible with dart:ffi but translates all calls through dart:js to a browser running WebAssembly.

Currently, only WebAssembly compiled with emscripten is usable because emscripten also generates the JavaScript imports WebAssembly needs. Open a issue on GitHub if you think we should support other platforms/compilers, too.

For a tutorial how to use this package (including the compiler settings for emscripten) see the example/README, but make sure to read this README first!

Differences to dart:ffi

While web_ffi tries to mimic the dart:ffi API as close as possible, there are some differences. The list below documents the most importent ones, make sure to read it. For more insight, take a look at the API documentation.

• web_ffi was designed with the dart:ffi API 2.12.0 in mind, so there are currently no array extensions (they came with dart 2.13.0)
• There is currently no support for structs (but opaque stucts are available).
• There are some classes and functions that are present in web_ffi but not in dart:ffi; such things are annotated with @extra.
• There is a new class Memory which is IMPORTANT and explained in deepth below.
• The DynamicLibrary class constructor is different and requires an instance of the @extra Module class .
• If you extend the Opaque class, you must register the extended class using @extra registerOpaqueType<T>() before using it! Also, your class MUST NOT have type arguments (what should not be a problem).
• There are some rules concerning interacting with native functions, as listed below.

Rules for functions

There are some rules and things to notice when working with functions:

• When looking up a function using DynamicLibrary.lookup<NativeFunction<NF>>() (or DynamicLibraryExtension.lookupFunction<T extends Function, F extends Function>()) the actuall type argument NF (or T respectively) of is not used: There is no type checking, if the function exported from WebAssembly has the same signature or amount of parameters, only the name is looked up.
• There are special constraints on the return type (not on parameter types) of functions DF (or F ) if you call NativeFunctionPointer.asFunction<DF>() (or DynamicLibraryExtension.lookupFunction<T extends Function, F extends Function>() what uses the former internally):
  • You may nest the pointer type up to two times but not more:
    • e.g. Pointer<Int32> and Pointer<Pointer<Int32>> are allowed but Pointer<Pointer<Pointer<Int32>>> is not.
  • If the return type is Pointer<NativeFunction> you MUST use Pointer<NativeFunction<dynamic>>, everything else will fail. You can restore the type arguments afterwards yourself using casting. On the other hand, as stated above, type arguments for NativeFunctions are just ignored anyway.
  • To concretize the things above, return_types.md lists what may be used as return type, everyhing else will cause a runtime error.
  • WORKAROUND: If you need something else (e.g. Pointer<Pointer<Pointer<Double>>>), use Pointer<IntPtr> and cast it yourselfe afterwards using Pointer.cast().

Memory

The first call you sould do when you want to use web_ffi is Memory.init(). It has an optional parameter where you can adjust your pointer size. The argument defaults to 4 to represent 32bit pointers, if you use wasm64, call Memory.init(8). Contraty to dart:ffi where the dart process shares all the memory, on WebAssembly, each instance is bound to a WebAssembly.Memory object. For now, we assume that every WebAssembly module you use has it's own memory. If you think we should change that, open a issue on GitHub and report your usecase. Every pointer you use is bound to a memory object. This memory object is accessible using the @extra Pointer.boundMemory field. If you want to create a Pointer using the Pointer.fromAddress() constructor, you may notice the optional bindTo parameter. Since each pointer must be bound to a memory object, you can explicitly speficy a memory object here. To match the dart:ffi API, the bindTo parameter is optional. Because it is optional, there has to be a fallback mechanism if no bindTo is specified: The static Memory.global field. If that field is also not set, an exception is thrown when invoking the Pointer.fromAddress() constructor. Also, each DynamicLibrary is bound to a memory object, which is again accessible with @extra DynamicLibrary.boundMemory. This might come in handy, since Memory implements the Allocator class.